3D printing technologies have expanded beyond the research laboratories where they were used solely for prototyping and have become widely used in several industries. The production of custom 3D objects has significant potential in optical applications. However, this necessitates extremely specific material properties, such as transparency, homogeneity, birefringence, and surface finish. Currently, the majority of optical objects are manufactured using plastics. Moreover, the 3D printing processes using polymers to produce optical objects have significant advantages, such as limited wastage, short manufacturing time, and easy customization. However, despite extensive efforts, no technology has achieved the production of objects perfectly suited for optical applications. The objective of this review is to summarize recent advances in the field of 3D printing for optics, with an emphasis on specific developments for dedicated applications, and to explore new candidate processes.

中文翻译：

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基于光聚合工艺的光学材料 3D 打印：材料、技术和最新进展

3D 打印技术已经超越了仅用于原型制作的研究实验室，并已广泛应用于多个行业。定制 3D 对象的生产在光学应用中具有巨大的潜力。然而，这需要极其特殊的材料特性，例如透明度、均匀性、双折射和表面光洁度。目前，大多数光学物体都是使用塑料制造的。此外，使用聚合物生产光学物体的 3D 打印工艺具有显着优势，例如浪费少、制造时间短、易于定制。然而，尽管付出了巨大的努力，但还没有一种技术能够生产出完全适合光学应用的物体。