Background

Everyday sadism is unique among the dark personality traits that form the Dark Tetrad. Whilst it shares the Dark Core of Personality with psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism, it is theoretically distinct from the other members in that involves an appetite for cruelty.

Objective

Given mounting evidence of everyday sadism being associated with socially aversive behaviour, and its potential utility in predicting harmful behaviour within the general population; the current review examined the relationship between sadism and aggressive behaviour.

Data sources

Seven well-established electronic bibliographic databases and two other sources were systematically searched. Supplementary searches were employed.

Study selection

The initial search identified 627 full-text articles. Following application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 39 full-text articles inclusive of 52 studies were subject to quality assessment. Data was extracted from 52 studies, with 48 studies eligible for quantitative synthesis.

Data synthesis

Correlational analyses were the most common method of examining sadism and aggression. A multi-method approach was employed to standardize effect sizes into a common metric (correlation coefficient). A meta-analysis was conducted using 57 effect sizes from 48 studies with 22,179 participants, revealing a pooled correlation coefficient of 0.35 (95% CI = 0.29, 0.40). Significant heterogeneity was observed which warranted sensitivity and subgroup analyses.

Conclusions

Overall, a moderate relationship was found between subclinical sadism and aggressive behaviour, as defined by acts ranging from verbal to physical, and sexual aggression and violence. A stronger, moderate relationship was found between sadism and perpetration of aggressive behaviour online, indicating that anonymity may unleash the darker side of personality within the general population. The implications of this finding are considered.

中文翻译：

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一项检查日常虐待狂与攻击性之间关系的系统回顾和荟萃分析：亚临床虐待狂特征能否预测普通人群中的攻击性行为？

背景

日常虐待狂在构成黑暗四联体的黑暗人格特征中是独一无二的。虽然它与精神病、自恋和马基雅维利主义共享人格的黑暗核心，但它在理论上与其他成员不同，因为它涉及对残忍的胃口。

客观的

鉴于越来越多的证据表明日常虐待狂与社会厌恶行为有关，以及它在预测普通人群中的有害行为方面的潜在效用；目前的审查审查了虐待狂与攻击性行为之间的关系。

数据源

系统地检索了七个完善的电子书目数据库和两个其他来源。采用了补充搜索。

研究选择

最初的搜索确定了 627 篇全文文章。在应用纳入和排除标准后，包括 52 项研究的 39 篇全文文章接受了质量评估。从 52 项研究中提取数据，其中 48 项研究符合定量综合条件。

数据综合

相关分析是检查虐待狂和攻击性的最常用方法。采用多方法方法将效应大小标准化为一个通用度量（相关系数）。使用来自 22,179 名参与者的 48 项研究的 57 个效应量进行荟萃分析，显示汇总相关系数为 0.35 (95% CI = 0.29, 0.40)。观察到显着的异质性，需要进行敏感性和亚组分析。

结论

总体而言，亚临床虐待狂与攻击性行为之间存在中度关系，攻击行为定义为从言语到身体的行为，以及性攻击和暴力。发现虐待狂与网络攻击行为之间存在更强、适度的关系，这表明匿名可能会在普通人群中释放出人格的阴暗面。考虑了这一发现的影响。