'Microaggressions' is the term scholars and cultural commentators use to describe the ways that racism and other systems of oppression are upheld in everyday interactions. Although prior research has documented the types of microaggressions that individuals experience, we have lacked representative data on the prevalence of microaggressions in the general population. We introduce and evaluate five new survey items from the 2018 General Social Survey intended to capture five types of microaggressions. We assess the prevalence of each microaggression as well as a constructed microaggression scale across a key set of sociodemographic characteristics. We find that black Americans experience more microaggressions than other racialized groups, twice the rate of the general public for some types. Younger people report more microaggressions than older people. Women are more likely to report some types of microaggressions, and men others. Experiencing microaggressions is associated with an array of negative physical and mental health outcomes.

中文翻译：

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美国的微侵略

“微侵略”是学者和文化评论员用来描述种族主义和其他压迫制度在日常互动中得到支持的方式。尽管先前的研究已经记录了个人经历的微攻击类型，但我们缺乏关于一般人群中微攻击流行率的代表性数据。我们介绍并评估了 2018 年综合社会调查中的五个新调查项目，旨在捕捉五种类型的微攻击。我们评估了每个微攻击的普遍性以及在一组关键的社会人口学特征中构建的微攻击量表。我们发现，与其他种族群体相比，美国黑人遭受的微攻击更多，是某些类型的普通公众的两倍。年轻人比老年人报告更多的微攻击。女性更有可能报告某些类型的微攻击，而男性则更有可能报告其他类型的微攻击。经历微攻击与一系列负面的身心健康结果有关。