Throughout the twentieth century, the world has seen a rapid increase in global social, economic, and political integration. According to many studies, attitudes toward international organizations and international cooperation have also grown more positive, particularly among elites and in the affluent, densely connected countries of the global core. Using survey responses on 18 different questions from six cross-national attitude surveys, we find that “cooperative-internationalist” attitudes, though widely popular, are no more common in the global core than on the periphery. Furthermore, we find elites are more likely to hold proglobal attitudes than non-elites only in wealthy core countries. These results indicate that scholars may have incorrectly assumed that (modest) class differences in cooperative-internationalist attitudes in Western countries generalize globally, both within and between countries. We conclude with a call to theorize cooperative internationalism as a function of how different groups of people interpret their own costs and benefits of global cooperation.

中文翻译：

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谁支持全球合作？社会阶级与经济发展交汇处的合作国际主义

在整个 20 世纪，世界见证了全球社会、经济和政治一体化的迅速发展。许多研究表明，对国际组织和国际合作的态度也变得更加积极，特别是在精英和全球核心的富裕、紧密联系的国家中。通过对来自 6 个跨国态度调查的 18 个不同问题的调查回答，我们发现“合作国际主义”态度虽然广受欢迎，但在全球核心地区并不比在外围地区更普遍。此外，我们发现仅在富裕的核心国家，精英比非精英更有可能持有亲全球的态度。这些结果表明，学者们可能错误地假设西方国家合作国际主义态度的（适度）阶级差异在全球范围内普遍存在，无论是在国家内部还是国家之间。最后，我们呼吁将合作国际主义理论化为不同群体如何解释他们自己的全球合作成本和收益的函数。