AIMS The goal of this study was to determine if active cigarette smoking in Veterans with alcohol use disorder (AUD) was associated with greater age-related neurocognitive decline. METHODS Veterans with AUD, in residential treatment (n = 125; 47 ± 14 years of age, min = 24, max = 76, 29 ± 26 days of abstinence), completed measures of executive functions, learning and memory, processing speed and working memory. Actively smoking AUD (AsAUD, n = 47) were active daily cigarette smokers; former smoking AUD (FsAUD, n = 45) were predominately daily smokers prior to study but did not smoke at the time of study; non-smoking AUD (NsAUD, n = 33) never used cigarettes or smoked 'only a few times' during lifetime. RESULTS AsAUD demonstrated greater age-related decline on measures of visuospatial learning and memory, and response inhibition/cognitive flexibility, primarily relative to NsAUD; there were no age-related differences between FsAUD and NsAUD on any measure. There were few significant mean differences between groups across the 15 neurocognitive measures. In AsAUD, higher scores on indices of smoking severity were associated with poorer performance on measures of auditory-verbal learning and memory, response inhibition, set-shifting and working memory. In FsAUD, longer smoking cessation duration was related to lower PTSD, anxiety and depressive symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS Active smoking was associated with accelerated age-related decline on cognitive functions implicated in response to common evidence-based AUD interventions. Results suggest that smoking history contributes to the considerable heterogeneity observed in neurocognitive function in early AUD recovery, and reinforce the clinical movement to offer smoking cessation resources concurrent with treatment for AUD.

中文翻译：

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积极吸烟与酒精使用障碍中视觉空间学习和记忆以及执行功能测量的年龄相关衰退增加有关。

目的 本研究的目的是确定患有酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 的退伍军人主动吸烟是否与年龄相关的神经认知衰退更严重有关。方法 患有 AUD 的退伍军人，接受住院治疗（n = 125；47 ± 14 岁，最小 = 24，最大 = 76，禁欲 29 ± 26 天），完成执行功能、学习和记忆、处理速度和工作的测量记忆。积极吸烟的 AUD（AsAUD，n = 47）是每天积极吸烟的人；以前吸烟的 AUD（FsAUD，n = 45）在研究前主要每天吸烟，但在研究时不吸烟；不吸烟的 AUD（NsAUD，n = 33）一生中从未使用过香烟或“只吸过几次”。结果 ASAUD 在视觉空间学习和记忆测量方面表现出与年龄相关的更大衰退，和反应抑制/认知灵活性，主要与 NsAUD 相关；在任何衡量标准上，FsAUD 和 NsAUD 之间都没有与年龄相关的差异。在 15 项神经认知测量中，各组之间几乎没有显着的平均差异。在 AsAUD 中，吸烟严重程度指数得分较高与听觉-语言学习和记忆、反应抑制、定型转换和工作记忆测量方面的表现较差有关。在 FsAUD 中，较长的戒烟时间与较低的 PTSD、焦虑和抑郁症状有关。结论 主动吸烟与年龄相关的认知功能加速衰退有关，而认知功能是对常见的循证 AUD 干预措施的反应。