In this study, we have developed a two-way fully coupled hydrodynamic-vegetation model that includes a spatially and temporally variable drag coefficient of flexible submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). The developed model consists of a nonhydrostatic wave model (NHWAVE) that solves the Navier-Stokes equations and a numerical model for vegetation stem dynamics that solves the instantaneous forces applied by flow on vegetation stems. The results of the developed model are validated against a number of laboratory-scale experiments on wave attenuation, stem orientation, and stem base forces, and then applied to an idealized configuration to further investigate the effects of vegetation induced drag coefficient on waves velocity field, wave attenuation, and vegetation dynamics along a numerical flume. The model was able to reproduce experimental results without parameter tuning. By adopting the N-pendula approach, the stem dynamics model solves the instantaneous orientation of segments along each stem and uses this information to compute a spatially and temporally varying vegetative drag coefficient within the meadow. When compared with laboratory experiments, incorporating this new mechanism for flexible vegetation in the wave model resulted in improvement over results with rigid vegetation. Through highly detailed representation of vegetation, the model can reliably predict wave attenuation over marshes and seagrass meadows, evaluate potential storm damages to these features, and calculate instantaneous orientation of plant stems or shoots which has implications for their photosynthesis.

在这项研究中，我们开发了一个双向完全耦合的水动力-植被模型，其中包括柔性淹没水生植被 (SAV) 的空间和时间可变阻力系数。开发的模型包括求解 Navier-Stokes 方程的非流体静力波模型 (NHWAVE) 和求解流动施加在植被茎上的瞬时力的植被茎动力学数值模型。所开发模型的结果在波衰减、茎定向和茎基力的大量实验室规模实验中得到验证，然后应用于理想化配置，以进一步研究植被诱导阻力系数对波速场的影响，波浪衰减和沿数值水槽的植被动态。该模型能够在没有参数调整的情况下重现实验结果。通过采用N -pendula 方法，茎动力学模型求解沿每个茎段的瞬时方向，并使用该信息计算草甸内空间和时间变化的植物阻力系数。与实验室实验相比，在波浪模型中加入这种用于柔性植被的新机制可以改善刚性植被的结果。通过高度详细的植被表示，该模型可以可靠地预测沼泽和海草草地上的波浪衰减，评估这些特征的潜在风暴破坏，并计算对其光合作用有影响的植物茎或芽的瞬时方向。