Conditioned responding that has been extinguished can spontaneously return when the conditioned stimulus (CS) is first presented after an extended delay. This spontaneous recovery of responding suggests that the memory of nonreinforced experience with the CS is impaired over the delay period. Rescorla (2007) provided evidence that this effect of time on nonreinforcement is not specific to extinction. He showed that a delay period can also reverse the reduction of responding established by a partial reinforcement schedule. Here we describe a series of experiments that attempted to confirm Rescorla's finding and additionally assessed the impact of the delay on another well-known consequence of partial reinforcement-the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE). Like Rescorla, we used a Pavlovian conditioning procedure with rats, measuring magazine activity during a CS that signaled food. Unlike Rescorla, we did not find that responding acquired under partial reinforcement spontaneously increased after a delay; however, we did observe a significant reduction in the PREE after that delay. We conclude that the passage of time has a selective effect on the retrieval of memories of nonreinforcement. Therefore, time produces spontaneous recovery by impairing retrieval of extinction memories but also weakens the PREE by impairing retrieval of memories of nonreinforcement that were acquired during partial reinforcement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

延迟消光削弱了部分强化消光效果。

当条件刺激 (CS) 在长时间延迟后首次呈现时，已熄灭的条件反应可以自发返回。这种反应的自发恢复表明，对 CS 的非强化体验的记忆在延迟期内受损。Rescorla (2007) 提供的证据表明，时间对非强化的这种影响并不是灭绝所特有的。他表明，延迟期也可以逆转由部分强化计划建立的响应减少。在这里，我们描述了一系列实验，这些实验试图证实 Rescorla 的发现，并额外评估了延迟对部分强化的另一个众所周知的后果——部分强化消光效应 (PREE) 的影响。像 Rescorla 一样，我们对大鼠使用了巴甫洛夫调理程序，在表示食物的 CS 期间测量杂志活动。与 Rescorla 不同，我们没有发现在部分强化下获得的反应在延迟后自发增加。然而，我们确实观察到在延迟之后 PREE 显着减少。我们得出结论，时间的流逝对非强化记忆的检索有选择性的影响。因此，时间会通过削弱对消退记忆的检索产生自发恢复，但也会通过削弱对部分强化期间获得的非强化记忆的检索来削弱 PREE。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。在那次延迟之后，我们确实观察到 PREE 显着减少。我们得出结论，时间的流逝对非强化记忆的检索有选择性的影响。因此，时间会通过削弱对消退记忆的检索产生自发恢复，但也会通过削弱对部分强化期间获得的非强化记忆的检索来削弱 PREE。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。在那次延迟之后，我们确实观察到 PREE 显着减少。我们得出结论，时间的流逝对非强化记忆的检索有选择性的影响。因此，时间会通过削弱对消退记忆的检索产生自发恢复，但也会通过削弱对部分强化期间获得的非强化记忆的检索来削弱 PREE。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。