The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug resistant (XDR) forms of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health challenge in this advanced era of health science. The longer therapy and higher dose of anti-tubercular drugs (ATDs) increases the patient incompliance at its peak levels of intolerance as well as toxicity. In the recent decades, nanoparticulate drug delivery has emerged as an excellent venture for the effective treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, brain as well as TB. Currently, encapsulation and conjugation of therapeutics to polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) is an attractive strategy to enhance the effectivity of chemotherapeutics and minimize the toxic effects associated with ATDs. Various characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs) such as high stability, high loading efficiency, and high carrying capacity gives preference to the NPs over other drug delivery systems. Multiple or dual drug delivery concept is continuously gaining attention as a strict and favourable requirement of anti-TB therapy. The ideal properties of NPs including controlled or sustained drug release from the matrix enhances drug bioavailability with dose reduction and also enhance compliance of TB patients. Natural and synthetic polymers are playing important role in curtailing the side effects of chemotherapeutics. This review extensively highlights the drug delivery approaches of ATDs and emphasized on the importance and application of PNPs to combat TB.

中文翻译：

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聚合物纳米颗粒：抗击结核病的整体方法

在这个先进的健康科学时代，耐多药 (MDR) 和极度耐药 (XDR) 形式的肺结核 (TB) 的出现仍然是一项重大的健康挑战。更长的治疗时间和更高剂量的抗结核药物 (ATD) 会增加患者在不耐受和毒性峰值水平下的不顺从性。近几十年来，纳米颗粒药物递送已成为有效治疗癌症、传染病、脑部和结核病的绝佳机会。目前，将治疗剂与聚合物纳米颗粒 (PNPs) 封装和结合是一种有吸引力的策略，可以提高化疗剂的有效性并最大限度地减少与 ATDs 相关的毒性作用。纳米粒子 (NPs) 的各种特性，例如高稳定性、高负载效率、并且高承载能力使NP优于其他药物递送系统。多重或双重给药概念作为抗结核治疗的严格和有利要求不断受到关注。NPs 的理想特性，包括从基质中受控或持续释放药物，可通过减少剂量提高药物的生物利用度，并提高结核病患者的依从性。天然和合成聚合物在减少化疗药物的副作用方面发挥着重要作用。本综述广泛强调了 ATD 的给药方法，并强调了 PNP 在抗击 TB 中的重要性和应用。NPs 的理想特性，包括从基质中受控或持续释放药物，可通过减少剂量提高药物的生物利用度，并提高结核病患者的依从性。天然和合成聚合物在减少化疗药物的副作用方面发挥着重要作用。本综述广泛强调了 ATD 的给药方法，并强调了 PNP 在抗击 TB 中的重要性和应用。NPs 的理想特性，包括从基质中受控或持续释放药物，可通过减少剂量提高药物的生物利用度，并提高结核病患者的依从性。天然和合成聚合物在减少化疗药物的副作用方面发挥着重要作用。本综述广泛强调了 ATD 的给药方法，并强调了 PNP 在抗击 TB 中的重要性和应用。