Polygonatum kingianum (Asparagaceae) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant commercially valued by the pharmaceutical industry and rural development. The taxonomic delimitation of the species remains ambiguous. Due to previous poorly delineated species boundary, P. hunanense (syn. P. kingianum var. grandifolium) has been mistaken for P. kingianum in herbal cultivation, products sale, and drug production. In this study, we aimed to clarify the taxonomic confusion in the species boundary of P. kingianum, and to develop an accurate and efficient authentication tool to monitor the trade of P. kingianum related plant products. Based on dense intraspecific plastome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, our data confirm that all the synonymized taxa, except for P. kingianum var. grandifolium (= P. hunnanense), really belong to P. kingianum. On this basis, a molecular authentication system, which uses complete plastomes as molecular tags, is developed for authentication of P. kingianum related products. To validate its efficacy, we experimentally applied the system to authenticate commercial seedlings and processed rhizomes marketed as P. kingianum. The high performance of the authentication system indicates that the plastome super-barcoding approach can be used as an effective tool for authentication of P. kingianum related plant products. The findings can be useful for guaranteeing the quality, safety, and effectiveness of P. kingianum, and thus have great significance for herbal cultivation and drug production.

黄精（ Asparagaceae）是一种在医药工业和农村发展中具有商业价值的中药材。该物种的分类界限仍然模棱两可。由于以前的种界划分不清，在草药种植、产品销售和药品生产中，湖南黄杨（同义词P. kingianum var. grandifolium）被误认为是黄杨。在这项研究中，我们旨在澄清P. kingianum物种边界的分类混乱，并开发一种准确有效的认证工具来监测P. kingianum的贸易。相关植物产品。基于密集的种内质体测序和系统发育分析，我们的数据证实除了P. kingianum var 之外的所有同义分类群。grandifolium (= P. hunnanense )，真正属于P. kingianum。在此基础上，开发了一种以完整的质体为分子标签的分子鉴定系统，用于对P. kingianum相关产品的鉴定。为了验证其功效，我们通过实验应用该系统来验证商业苗木和以P. kingianum销售的加工根茎. 认证系统的高性能表明，塑性体超级条形码方法可以作为一种有效的工具，用于对黄杨相关植物产品进行认证。研究结果可用于保证黄杨的质量、安全性和有效性，对中药材种植和药物生产具有重要意义。