Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have been considered an attractive candidate as beyond lithium-ion battery technology due to their abundant reserves, low cost and dendrite-free deposition process. However, one of the main obstacles in utilizing RMBs as a commercial system is the sluggish diffusion kinetics of Mg ions in cathode materials owing to the high charge density and strong electrostatic interactions, thus leading to inferior magnesium-storage capability. The recent tremendous efforts on cathode materials of RMBs provide precious experience, enlightening novel material engineering associated with emerging magnesium electrochemical systems. We first elucidate the underlying battery reaction mechanisms toward rational battery designs. We then summarize the status and issues of cathode materials, present the advanced kinetics optimization strategies and make the in-depth analyses of structure-kinetics correlations for some major research breakthroughs on high-performance batteries. The future development perspectives are also prospected about battery research. This review provides significant guidelines for exploring desirable cathode materials toward advanced magnesium-based energy storage systems.

可充电镁电池 (RMB) 因其储量丰富、成本低和无枝晶沉积工艺而被认为是超越锂离子电池技术的有吸引力的候选者。然而，将RMB用作商业系统的主要障碍之一是由于高电荷密度和强静电相互作用，Mg离子在正极材料中的扩散动力学缓慢，从而导致镁存储能力较差。近年来在人民币正极材料方面的巨大努力提供了 宝贵的 经验，启发了相关的新型材料工程 与新兴的镁电化学系统。我们首先阐明了合理电池设计的潜在电池反应机制。然后总结了正极材料的现状和问题，提出了先进的动力学优化策略，并对高性能电池的一些重大研究突破进行了结构-动力学相关性的深入分析。对电池研究的未来发展前景也进行了展望。这篇综述为探索理想的阴极材料向先进的镁基储能系统提供了重要的指导。