As the first line of defence in the lung, alveolar macrophage contributes to maintaining lung immune homoeostasis. Characterized by the heterogeneity and plasticity, macrophages polarize into two pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes regarding the biological and pathological environment. In the past decade, numerous studies have revolutionized the relationship between cellular metabolism and macrophage functions. Mitochondria dysfunctions, which results in altered cellular metabolic profile, were observed in the alveolar macrophages during chronic lung diseases. In addition, alveolar macrophages adapt metabolic reprogramming to produce an immune response against the pathogens. Here, we outline the role of mitochondria in the development of macrophage phenotypes and functions and highlight the mitochondrial dysfunction in the setting of chronic lung diseases. Lastly, we emphasize the therapeutic relevance of targeting metabolic pathways in alveolar macrophages, which may shed light on developing novel strategies against chronic lung diseases.

作为肺部的第一道防线，肺泡巨噬细胞有助于维持肺部免疫稳态。巨噬细胞以异质性和可塑性为特征，在生物和病理环境方面极化为两种促炎和抗炎表型。在过去十年中，大量研究彻底改变了细胞代谢与巨噬细胞功能之间的关系。在慢性肺病期间，在肺泡巨噬细胞中观察到线粒体功能障碍导致细胞代谢特征改变。此外，肺泡巨噬细胞适应代谢重编程以产生针对病原体的免疫反应。这里，我们概述了线粒体在巨噬细胞表型和功能发育中的作用，并强调了慢性肺病背景下的线粒体功能障碍。最后，我们强调了靶向肺泡巨噬细胞代谢途径的治疗相关性，这可能有助于开发针对慢性肺病的新策略。