Electrocatalysts with single-metal-atom sites (SMAS) have emerged as a rising frontier of converting and storing sustainable energy via electrocatalysis. Though SMAS with designed coordinate structures achieved maximal atom utilization, superior catalytic activity, and excellent selectivity, challenges remain in anchoring SMAS with high density to achieve more efficient catalytic activity and avoid the aggregation of metal centers for long-term practical applications. To target these challenges, we herein review the recent progress in developing effective strategies via coordination anchoring to synthesize high-density SMAS and their applications in electrocatalysis. The molecular, matrix, and surface coordination anchoring strategies for building abundant coordination anchoring sites are firstly summarized and discussed in detail for constructing high-density SMAS and regulating coordinate structures of SMAS. Then we further summarized the electrocatalytic performance of these coordination anchored high-density SMAS involving hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and CO₂ reduction reaction for understanding the structure–activity relationship of SMAS in depth. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the future development of high-density SMAS are featured and outlooked. This review seeks to provide insights and guidelines into developing single-atom electrocatalysis.

具有单金属原子位点 (SMAS) 的电催化剂已成为通过电催化转化和储存可持续能源的新兴前沿。尽管具有设计配位结构的 SMAS 实现了最大的原子利用率、优异的催化活性和优异的选择性，但在长期实际应用中，以高密度锚定 SMAS 以实现更有效的催化活性并避免金属中心的聚集仍然存在挑战。为了应对这些挑战，我们在此回顾了通过配位锚定合成高密度 SMAS 及其在电催化中的应用开发有效策略的最新进展。分子、基质、首先对构建丰富的配位锚点和表面配位锚定策略进行了总结和详细讨论，以构建高密度SMAS和调节SMAS的坐标结构。然后我们进一步总结了这些配位锚定高密度SMAS的电催化性能，包括析氢反应、析氧反应、氮还原反应、氧还原反应和CO₂还原反应深入了解SMAS的构效关系。最后，对高密度 SMAS 未来发展的挑战和前景进行了阐述和展望。本综述旨在为开发单原子电催化提供见解和指导。