Porous nanostructures have been widely studied as electrocatalysts since they are structurally advantageous for enhancing the mass transport and providing accessible active sites in electrocatalytic reactions. Fabricating favorable porous nanostructures and understanding the structure–property relationship are important for the application of porous nanomaterials in energy electrocatalysis field. Considering this background, this review highlights the recent research on highly porous nanostructures, including the fabrication strategies and application in electrocatalysis. First, six basic synthesis methods for various porous electrocatalysts are introduced, i. e. templating method, using Kirkendall effect, by galvanic replacement reaction, through selective etching, from aerogel, and with reticular chemistry. Then, the application of porous nanomaterials in electrocatalysis is discussed from three aspects: activity, selectivity, and stability. Finally, the challenges and future research directions on porous electrocatalysts, including structure-controlled synthesis, potential applications and the related electrocatalytic mechanism investigation are put forward.

多孔纳米结构作为电催化剂已被广泛研究，因为它们在结构上有利于增强质量传输并在电催化反应中提供可接近的活性位点。制备有利的多孔纳米结构并了解其结构-性能关系对于多孔纳米材料在能源电催化领域的应用具有重要意义。考虑到这一背景，本综述重点介绍了最近对高度多孔纳米结构的研究，包括制造策略和在电催化中的应用。首先，介绍了各种多孔电催化剂的六种基本合成方法，即模板法、柯肯达尔效应、电流置换反应、选择性蚀刻、气凝胶和网状化学。然后，从活性、选择性和稳定性三个方面探讨了多孔纳米材料在电催化中的应用。最后，提出了多孔电催化剂面临的挑战和未来研究方向，包括结构控制合成、潜在应用和相关电催化机理研究。