ABSTRACT

To investigate the effect of soil Zn deficiency on some morphological characteristics of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications in a greenhouse. Zn-efficient and -inefficient cultivars were grown in two conditions of Zn adequacy and deficiency and some morphological traits, as well as Zn concentrations of grain, root, and leaf were recorded. Also, the activity of enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was evaluated in both roots and leaves at two stages, 30 days after germination (vegetative) and 30% spiking (reproductive). The results showed that in Zn deficiency conditions, the root Zn concentration of Zn-efficient cultivars was significantly (P ≤ .01) higher than those of Zn-inefficient cultivars. Also, grain Zn concentration in Hamoon (Zn-efficient) was significantly (P ≤ .01) higher than Zn-inefficient cultivars. Decreases in shoot dry yield (12.8%), Zn concentrations of root and grain (18%), and leaf chlorophyll content (54%) in Zn-inefficient cultivars were higher than Zn-efficient cultivars. The activity of ALP, ADH, and PPO was declined under Zn deficiency conditions while the activity of GPX was increased in this condition. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that Zn-efficient cultivars produce better yield than Zn-inefficient cultivars under Zn deficiency condition and are able to store much Zn in the grains. Also, under Zn deficiency conditions, the activity of Zn-containing enzymes in Zn-efficient cultivars is more than the Zn-inefficient ones.

摘要

探讨土壤缺锌对普通小麦( Triticum aestivum )部分形态特征的影响。L.)，在温室中以完全随机设计进行了因子实验，重复进行了 3 次。在锌充足和缺锌两种条件下培育出锌高效和低效品种，并记录了一些形态性状，以及籽粒、根和叶的锌含量。此外，在发芽后 30 天（植物生长）和 30 % 尖峰（生殖）。结果表明，在缺锌条件下，锌高效品种的根系锌含量显着（P≤ .01) 高于锌低效品种。此外，Hamoon 中的籽粒锌浓度（锌效率）显着（P≤ .01) 高于锌低效品种。低锌品种的茎干产量（12.8%）、根和籽粒锌含量（18%）和叶叶绿素含量（54%）的下降幅度高于锌高效品种。缺锌条件下ALP、ADH和PPO的活性下降，而GPX的活性在缺锌条件下升高。综上所述，本研究结果表明，在缺锌条件下，锌高效品种的产量高于锌低效品种，并且能够在籽粒中储存更多的锌。此外，在缺锌条件下，锌高效品种的含锌酶活性高于锌低效品种。