No construct is more central to personality than the person's self-concept. Higher-order domains of self-assessment, including self-perceived skills, traits, and values, are expressed in action and provide frames of reference for deciding whether to accept or reject personally relevant social feedback. To perform these functions in a consistent manner, the domains of self-concept need to achieve coherence, with the components of each domain sufficiently integrated to provide an unequivocal platform for decision making and behavior. This depiction implies two functions of self-reflection—one focused on forging coherence in self-concept and the other focusing on the expression of domains that have achieved coherence. We refer to these two modes of self-reflection, respectively, as integration and expression. Both modes can be understood in terms of a spotlight of attention that focuses on different regions of the self-structure. In the integration mode, the spotlight converges on incoherent regions of self-concept to eliminate inconsistencies among the lower-level components. In the expression mode, the spotlight converges on coherent regions of self-concept that can provide an unequivocal platform for decision making and effective action. Using agent-based modeling, we illustrate the operation of both modes, discuss the conditions that differentially activate them, and develop their implications for personality dynamics.

中文翻译：

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整合与表达：自我反思的互补功能

对于人格来说，没有什么结构比个人的自我概念更重要了。自我评估的高阶领域，包括自我感知的技能、特质和价值观，在行动中表达出来，并为决定是否接受或拒绝与个人相关的社会反馈提供参考框架。为了以一致的方式执行这些功能，自我概念的各个领域需要实现连贯性，每个领域的组成部分充分集成，为决策和行为提供明确的平台。这种描述暗示了自我反思的两个功能——一个侧重于形成自我概念的连贯性，另一个侧重于表达已实现连贯性的领域。我们将这两种自我反思模式分别称为整合和表达。这两种模式都可以通过关注自我结构的不同区域的注意力来理解。在集成模式中，焦点集中在自我概念的不连贯区域，以消除较低级别组件之间的不一致。在表达模式中，焦点集中在自我概念的连贯区域，可以为决策和有效行动提供明确的平台。使用基于主体的建模，我们说明了两种模式的运作，讨论了差异激活它们的条件，并开发了它们对人格动态的影响。