Palinurids, also known as spiny lobsters, are high-value seafood, which is economically important for many European and Asian seafood trades. However, the reduction of wild European spiny lobster populations produces a need for developing alternative renewable strategies to meet current and future demands. Aquaculture of spiny lobsters has the potential to become of major economic importance in the coming years with growing markets in Asia, Europe, and America, with Palinurus elephas being a promising candidate species for use in the commercial culture and stock enhancement of natural fisheries. This is due to its shorter larval periods and rapid growth to the critical puerulus stage compared with other spiny lobster species. While we have a basic understanding of the lifecycle and biology of P. elephas, much of this is based on work undertaken on similar species globally. There are many gaps in our knowledge that need to be addressed to make its aquaculture viable with appropriate feeds being an immediate issue as well as many other husbandry-related factors. Previous studies act as a platform providing a baseline for further research and highlighting constraints. Developments in the use of P. elephas are promising due to realistically bridgeable knowledge gaps, the likelihood of producing sustainable food and the high commercial value of spiny lobsters. This review identifies our present state of knowledge and outlines the scope for further research and necessary technological developments to make it a viable contribution towards crustacean aquaculture in Europe.

中文翻译：

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欧洲刺龙虾（Palinurus elephas）水产养殖中的障碍：到目前为止我们知道什么？

Palinurids，也称为刺龙虾，是高价值的海鲜，对许多欧洲和亚洲的海鲜贸易具有重要的经济意义。然而，野生欧洲刺龙虾种群的减少产生了开发替代可再生战略以满足当前和未来需求的需求。随着亚洲、欧洲和美洲市场的不断增长，刺龙虾的水产养殖有可能在未来几年成为具有重要经济意义的重要物种，而斑龙虾是用于商业养殖和天然渔业资源增殖的有希望的候选物种。这是由于与其他刺龙虾物种相比，它的幼虫期更短，生长到关键的幼虫期的速度更快。虽然我们对生命周期和生物学有基本的了解P. elephas，其中大部分是基于对全球类似物种所做的工作。我们的知识存在许多空白需要解决，以使其水产养殖可行，适当的饲料是一个紧迫的问题以及许多其他与养殖相关的因素。以前的研究充当了一个平台，为进一步研究和突出限制提供了基线。由于实际可弥合的知识差距、生产可持续食品的可能性以及刺龙虾的高商业价值，使用P. elephas的发展前景看好。这篇综述确定了我们目前的知识状况，并概述了进一步研究和必要技术发展的范围，以使其对欧洲甲壳类水产养殖做出可行的贡献。