As antibiotics-treated animal models provide good insights into the potential causes of the microbiota-dependent changes, we explored the effects of microbiota perturbation driven by a mixture of antibiotics on lipid metabolism and lipid deposition in the liver of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) fed a bile acid diet in this study. Ninety groupers were randomly fed a bile acids diet (SBD) or a bile acids diet supplemented with antibiotics mixture (ASBD) for a short-term period. The results showed that ASBD treatment significantly decreased the level of hepatic lipid droplets, the content of hepatic triglycerides and total cholesterol, and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while significantly increasing the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared to the SBD group. The fish fed ASBD showed significantly enhanced activities of lipolytic enzymes, expression of lipolytic proteins and transcriptional factors genes, whereas significantly reduced the expression of lipogenic transcriptional factor genes. In addition, the antibiotics treatment significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes, while non-significantly decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (p = 0.061). No significant shifts were observed in the α-diversity indices in SBD and ASBD groups, although the structures and potential functions of the intestinal microbiota were clearly separated. In conclusion, the antibiotics treatment reduced the lipid deposition and altered lipid metabolism via mainly enhancing hepatic lipolysis and slightly reducing hepatic lipogenesis.

由于抗生素处理的动物模型为微生物群依赖性变化的潜在原因提供了很好的见解，我们探讨了由抗生素混合物驱动的微生物群扰动对杂交石斑鱼肝脏脂质代谢和脂质沉积的影响（Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) 在本研究中喂食胆汁酸饮食。90 条石斑鱼在短期内被随机喂食胆汁酸饮食 (SBD) 或补充有抗生素混合物 (ASBD) 的胆汁酸饮食。结果表明，与SBD组相比，ASBD治疗显着降低了肝脏脂滴水平、肝脏甘油三酯和总胆固醇、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量，同时显着提高了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量。喂食 ASBD 的鱼显示出脂肪分解酶的活性、脂肪分解蛋白和转录因子基因的表达显着增强，而脂肪生成转录因子基因的表达显着降低。此外，抗生素治疗显着增加了拟杆菌的丰度，p  = 0.061)。尽管肠道微生物群的结构和潜在功能明显分离，但 SBD 和 ASBD 组的 α 多样性指数没有观察到显着变化。总之，抗生素治疗主要通过增强肝脏脂肪分解和轻微减少肝脏脂肪生成来减少脂质沉积并改变脂质代谢。