Despite rice residue burning is popularized against its retention under rice-wheat system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), limited information is available on the impacts of long-term rice residue burning versus its retention on carbon stock, soil aggregation and aggregated-associated carbon in the region. Hence, a 18 (1998–2016) years old conservation agriculture (different combinations of tillage and residue management) experiment was selected to understand the impact of CA on soil aggregation, carbon pools and soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in a rice-wheat system. Experiment was laid down in a split-plot design with three replications having three tillage management viz. zero-tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT) and strip tillage (ST) as main plots and three residue management options namely residue retention (R), residue burning (RB) and no-residue (NR). The total SOC content was 20% higher (p < 0.05) under ZT and residues retention over CT and residue removal, in the 0–5 cm layer. The SOC stock increased with depth (from 0 to 5 cm to 5–15 cm). ZT with added residues had 25% higher (p < 0.05) SOC stock than CT without residues because of higher aggregation with lesser disturbance in ZT promoted SOC accumulation over time. Macro-aggregate fraction was higher in ZT by 18% (p < 0.05) than CT in the 0–5 cm soil depth. Whereas, CT without residues resulted in higher silt and clay size fraction than ZT. Labile carbon (very labile + labile fractions) was 7–25% increased (p < 0.05) under ZT+R than CT-R across depth. Recalcitrant carbon (less-labile + non-labile) followed the same trend. Notably, ZT with residues retention (conservation agriculture, CA) increased 32.6–41.7% potassium permanganate oxidizable carbon than CT without residues in the 0–5 cm and 5–15 cm, respectively. No mechanical tillage in ZT with added residues over the years promoted bridging between aggregates that brought about carbon accumulation. The study highlighted the importance of CA in enhancing SOC stock, soil aggregation and managing long-term SOC content.

尽管稻渣燃烧在印度恒河平原（IGP）的稻麦系统中得到普及，但关于长期稻渣燃烧与其对碳储量、土壤聚集和聚集的影响的影响的信息有限。该地区的伴生碳。因此，选择了一项 18（1998-2016）年的保护性农业（耕作和残茬管理的不同组合）实验，以了解 CA 对水稻-小麦中土壤聚集、碳库和土壤有机碳 (SOC) 库的影响系统。实验采用裂区设计，三个重复，三个耕作管理，即。零耕 (ZT)、常规耕作 (CT) 和条耕 (ST) 作为主要地块和三种残留物管理选项，即残留物保留 (R)，残渣燃烧（RB）和无残渣（NR）。总 SOC 含量高出 20%（p  < 0.05) 在 ZT 和 CT 上的残留物保留和残留物去除下，在 0-5 cm 层中。SOC 储量随深度增加（从 0 到 5 厘米到 5-15 厘米）。添加残基的 ZT 的 SOC 储量比没有残基的 CT 高 25% ( p  < 0.05)，因为随着时间的推移，ZT 中的较高聚集和较少干扰促进了 SOC 积累。在 0-5 cm 土壤深度，ZT 中的宏观骨料比 CT 高 18% ( p  < 0.05)。然而，没有残留物的 CT 导致比 ZT 更高的粉砂和粘土粒度分数。不稳定碳（非常不稳定 + 不稳定部分）增加了 7-25%（p < 0.05) 在 ZT+R 下比 CT-R 在深度上。顽固碳（不太不稳定+不稳定）遵循相同的趋势。值得注意的是，在 0-5 厘米和 5-15 厘米处，具有残留物保留的 ZT（保护农业，CA）比没有残留物的 CT 分别增加了 32.6-41.7% 的高锰酸钾可氧化碳。多年来，ZT 中没有添加残留物的机械耕作促进了聚集体之间的桥接，从而导致了碳积累。该研究强调了 CA 在增强 SOC 库存、土壤聚集和管理长期 SOC 含量方面的重要性。