The precise genetic origins of the first Neolithic farming populations in Europe and Southwest Asia, as well as the processes and the timing of their differentiation, remain largely unknown. Demogenomic modeling of high-quality ancient genomes reveals that the early farmers of Anatolia and Europe emerged from a multiphase mixing of a Southwest Asian population with a strongly bottlenecked western hunter-gatherer population after the last glacial maximum. Moreover, the ancestors of the first farmers of Europe and Anatolia went through a period of extreme genetic drift during their westward range expansion, contributing highly to their genetic distinctiveness. This modeling elucidates the demographic processes at the root of the Neolithic transition and leads to a spatial interpretation of the population history of Southwest Asia and Europe during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene.

欧洲和西南亚第一批新石器时代农业人口的确切遗传起源，以及它们分化的过程和时间，在很大程度上仍然未知。高质量古代基因组的人口基因组学模型显示，安纳托利亚和欧洲的早期农民是在最后一次冰河盛期后西南亚人口与严重瓶颈的西部狩猎采集人口的多阶段混合中出现的。此外，欧洲和安纳托利亚的第一批农民的祖先在向西扩张的过程中经历了一段极端的基因漂移期，对他们的基因独特性做出了很大贡献。