ABSTRACT

The use of green manure (GM) associated with soil decompaction treatments has shown to be an alternative to improve soil attributes. This study associated the use of GM with tree species nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing (N-fixing and non-N-fixing, respectively), hypothesizing that non-N-fixing species are more beneficial by GM. The experiment was carried out in a disabled clay extraction deposit. Previously, chemical analysis and mechanical resistance to soil penetration was registered in order to characterize the initial soil properties of the experimental site. The soil treatments were scarification (SCA), scarification + harrowing (SCAH), and subsoiling + harrowing (SUBH) with presence/absence of GM (+GM and -GM, respectively) and four native tree species, N-fixing (Dalbergia ecastophyllum (L.) Taub., Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd., and non-N-fixing (Psidium cattleianum Sabine and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), were planted. Growth and leaf traits were measured after 6 and 12 months. The response patterns of leaf attributes were well defined in the non-N-fixing species. Over time, GM increases the level of chlorophyll (Chl) in N-fixing species and, consequently, improves the maximum quantum yield for photosystem II (PSII) primary photochemistry (φP_o), quantum yield for PSII electron transport (φE_o), the number of active reaction centers (RC/CS_o), and the performance index (PI/abs). GM increased these same photochemical parameters in non-N-fixing species after 12 months. The samples cultivated in the SCA and SUBH treatments showed a better performance. The species responded in different ways to GM, which improved the leaf traits in non-N-fixing species. GM improved the leaf traits of N-fixing species. The positive effect of GM over time give us a good alternative for fertilization in revegetation areas. Furthermore, our findings shown that the subsoiling promotes the highest soil decompaction, which associated with GM, can be efficiently used in projects of revegetation of degraded areas.

摘要

与土壤分解处理相关的绿肥 (GM) 的使用已被证明是改善土壤属性的替代方法。这项研究将转基因的使用与树种固氮和非固氮（分别为固氮和非固氮）联系起来，假设非固氮物种对转基因更有益。该实验是在一个失效的粘土提取矿床中进行的。以前，为了表征试验场地的初始土壤特性，登记了对土壤渗透的化学分析和机械阻力。土壤处理是松土处理 (SCA)、松土 + 耙地 (SCAH) 和深松 + 耙地 (SUBH)，存在/不存在 GM（分别为 +GM 和 -GM）和四种本地树种，N-fixing ( Dalbergia ecastophyllum种植了(L.) Taub.、Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. 和非固氮（Psidium cattleianum Sabine 和Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi）。在 6 个月和 12 个月后测量生长和叶片性状。叶子属性的响应模式在非固氮物种中得到了很好的定义。随着时间的推移，GM 增加了 N 固定物种中叶绿素 (Chl) 的水平，因此提高了光系统 II (PSII) 初级光化学的最大量子产率 (φP _o )、PSII 电子传输的量子产率 (φE _o )、活跃反应中心的数量（RC/CS _o) 和性能指数 (PI/abs)。12 个月后，GM 在非固氮物种中增加了这些相同的光化学参数。在 SCA 和 SUBH 处理中培养的样品表现出更好的性能。该物种对转基因的反应方式不同，这改善了非固氮物种的叶片性状。转基因改善了固氮物种的叶片性状。随着时间的推移，转基因的积极影响为我们在重新植被区施肥提供了一个很好的选择。此外，我们的研究结果表明，深松可促进与转基因相关的最高土壤板结，可有效地用于退化地区的植被恢复项目。