Floral abundance and richness on farmland has been declining since the mid 1900 s. Agri-environment schemes (AES) can improve floral resource availability through establishment of flower-rich areas or careful management of areas set-aside to naturally regenerate on farmland. Ideal management regimes include sowing and re-sowing of seed mixes, regular cuts of growth, and removal of cuttings to optimise floral diversity. Our aim was to determine which areas and managements on farmland provided greatest floral resources for insect pollinators, and if these persisted over time. We surveyed 67 non-crop areas across eight farms in the south of England during 2014 and again in 2018, recording each flowering species present and the estimated floral abundance of each species. We then interviewed the farmers to determine management details and history for each surveyed area. Our results showed that floral abundance was initially greatest in sown Pollen & Nectar Strips and Florally Enhanced (FE) Grass Margins, but subsequently declined: from 1 to 5 years to 6–10 years for Pollen & Nectar Strips, and from 1 to 10 years to 11–20 years for FE Grass Margins. Additionally, only a handful of sown species known to be beneficial for insect pollinators persisted over time: Centaurea nigra, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium pratense and Leucanthemum vulgare. It is vital that policy makers move forward with pollinator-targeting AES that can successfully support a variety of insects, including both pollinators and crop-pest predators. Species lists for AES seed mixes should include higher proportions of persistent perennial species, and a better support structure is needed in order to aid farmers with AES managements.

自 1900 年代中期以来，农田的花卉丰度和丰富度一直在下降。农业环境计划 (AES) 可以通过建立花卉丰富的地区或仔细管理留出以在农田上自然再生的地区来提高花卉资源的可用性。理想的管理制度包括种子混合物的播种和重新播种、定期切割生长和去除插条以优化花卉多样性。我们的目标是确定哪些农田区域和管理为昆虫传粉者提供了最大的花卉资源，以及这些资源是否会随着时间的推移而持续存在。我们在 2014 年和 2018 年再次调查了英格兰南部八个农场的 67 个非作物区，记录了存在的每种开花物种和估计的每种物种的花卉丰度。然后，我们采访了农民，以确定每个调查区域的管理细节和历史。我们的研究结果表明，最初播种的花粉和花蜜条和花卉增强 (FE) 草缘的花卉丰度最高，但随后下降：花粉和花蜜条从 1 到 5 年减少到 6-10 年，从 1 到 10 年FE Grass Margins 为 11-20 年。此外，只有少数已知对昆虫传粉媒介有益的播种物种随着时间的推移而持续存在：Centaurea nigra、Lotus corniculatus、车轴草和Leucanthemum vulgare。政策制定者必须推进以传粉媒介为目标的 AES，它可以成功支持各种昆虫，包括传粉媒介和农作物害虫捕食者。AES 种子混合物的物种清单应包括更高比例的持久性多年生物种，并且需要更好的支持结构来帮助农民进行 AES 管理。