At birth, neonates provide a vast habitat awaiting microbial colonization. Microbiome assembly is a complex process involving microbial seeding and succession driven by ecological forces and subject to environmental conditions. These successional events not only significantly affect the ecology and function of the microbiome, but also impact host health. While the establishment of the infant microbiome has been a point of interest for decades, an integrated view focusing on strain level colonization has been lacking until recently. Technological and computational advancements enabling strain-level analyses of the infant microbiome have demonstrated the immense complexity of this system and allowed for an improved understanding of how strains of the same species spread, colonize, evolve, and affect the host. Here, we review the current knowledge of the establishment and maturation of the infant gut microbiome with particular emphasis on newer discoveries achieved through strain-centric analyses.

出生时，新生儿提供了广阔的栖息地等待微生物定植。微生物组组装是一个复杂的过程，涉及由生态力驱动并受环境条件影响的微生物播种和演替。这些连续事件不仅显着影响微生物组的生态和功能，而且影响宿主健康。虽然几十年来婴儿微生物组的建立一直是人们关注的焦点，但直到最近才关注菌株水平定植的综合观点。能够对婴儿微生物组进行菌株水平分析的技术和计算进步证明了该系统的巨大复杂性，并有助于更好地了解同一物种的菌株如何传播、定殖、进化和影响宿主。这里，