Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare disorder characterized by the autoantibody-mediated destruction of red blood cells, and treatments for it still remain challenging. Traditional first-line immunosuppressive therapy, which includes corticosteroids and rituximab, is associated with adverse effects as well as treatment failures, and relapses are common. Subsequent lines of therapy are associated with higher rates of toxicity, and some patients remain refractory to currently available treatments. Novel therapies have become promising for this vulnerable population. In this review, we will discuss the mechanism of action, existing data, and ongoing clinical trials of current novel therapies for AIHA, including B-cell-directed therapy, phagocytosis inhibition, plasma cell-directed therapy, and complement inhibition.

中文翻译：

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自身免疫性溶血性贫血新药开发

自身免疫性溶血性贫血 (AIHA) 是一种罕见的疾病，其特征是自身抗体介导的红细胞破坏，其治疗仍然具有挑战性。包括皮质类固醇和利妥昔单抗在内的传统一线免疫抑制疗法与不良反应和治疗失败有关，并且复发很常见。随后的治疗线与更高的毒性发生率相关，并且一些患者仍然对目前可用的治疗无效。新疗法已为这一弱势群体带来希望。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论当前 AIHA 新疗法的作用机制、现有数据和正在进行的临床试验，包括 B 细胞定向疗法、吞噬作用抑制、浆细胞定向疗法和补体抑制。