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Neoliberalism and the Ideological Construction of Equity Beliefs
Perspectives on Psychological Science ( IF 10.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-10 , DOI: 10.1177/17456916211053311
Shahrzad Goudarzi 1 , Vivienne Badaan 2 , Eric D Knowles 1
Affiliation  

Researchers across disciplines, including psychology, have sought to understand how people evaluate the fairness of resource distributions. Equity, defined as proportionality of rewards to merit, has dominated the conceptualization of distributive justice in psychology; some scholars have cast it as the primary basis on which distributive decisions are made. The present article acts as a corrective to this disproportionate emphasis on equity. Drawing on findings from different subfields, we argue that people possess a range of beliefs about how valued resources should be allocated—beliefs that vary systematically across developmental stages, relationship types, and societies. By reinvigorating notions of distributive justice put forth by the field’s pioneers, we further argue that prescriptive beliefs concerning resource allocation are ideological formations embedded in socioeconomic and historical contexts. Fairness beliefs at the micro level are thus shaped by those beliefs’ macro-level instantiations. In a novel investigation of this process, we consider neoliberalism, the globally dominant socioeconomic model of the past 40 years. Using data from more than 160 countries, we uncover evidence that neoliberal economic structures shape equity-based distributive beliefs at the individual level. We conclude by advocating an integrative approach to the study of distributive justice that bridges micro- and macro-level analyses.

中文翻译:

新自由主义与公平信念的意识形态建构

包括心理学在内的跨学科研究人员试图了解人们如何评估资源分配的公平性。公平,定义为奖励与功绩的比例,主导了心理学中分配正义的概念化。一些学者将其视为做出分配决策的主要依据。本文对这种过分强调公平的做法进行了纠正。根据不同子领域的研究结果,我们认为人们对如何分配有价值的资源拥有一系列信念——这些信念在不同的发展阶段、关系类型和社会中系统地变化。通过重振该领域先驱者提出的分配正义概念,我们进一步认为,关于资源分配的规定性信念是嵌入社会经济和历史背景的意识形态形成。因此,微观层面的公平信念是由这些信念的宏观层面实例塑造的。在对这一过程的一项新颖调查中,我们考虑了新自由主义,这是过去 40 年全球主导的社会经济模式。我们使用来自 160 多个国家的数据,发现证据表明新自由主义经济结构在个人层面塑造了基于公平的分配信念。最后,我们提倡采用一种综合方法来研究分配正义,该方法将微观和宏观层面的分析联系起来。在对这一过程的一项新颖调查中,我们考虑了新自由主义,这是过去 40 年全球主导的社会经济模式。我们使用来自 160 多个国家的数据,发现证据表明新自由主义经济结构在个人层面塑造了基于公平的分配信念。最后,我们提倡采用一种综合方法来研究分配正义,该方法将微观和宏观层面的分析联系起来。在对这一过程的一项新颖调查中,我们考虑了新自由主义,这是过去 40 年全球主导的社会经济模式。我们使用来自 160 多个国家的数据,发现证据表明新自由主义经济结构在个人层面塑造了基于公平的分配信念。最后,我们提倡采用一种综合方法来研究分配正义,该方法将微观和宏观层面的分析联系起来。
更新日期:2022-05-10
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