Cabbage has significant heterosis and most commercial cultivars are hybrids. To explore genetic basis of cabbage heterosis and promote cabbage heterosis utilization, we constructed two populations by crossing 100 DH lines derived from a cabbage hybrid 01–20 × 96–100 with two female parents. Hybrids exhibited different extents of heterosis, the mean value of economic yield was 2.6 times bigger than parents. We identified 66 and 73 QTLs associated with mid-parent heterosis and transgressive heterosis of twelve yield-related traits, respectively. Some QTLs could be detected under the two-year experiment existed in two populations with different testers, showing relatively high phenotypic contribution rate (15.8%–20.0%). Heterosis QTLs exhibited clustered distribution in several cabbage chromosome regions. Two dominant genetic regions, mk300–316 and mk258–268, originated from the elite parent 01–20, exhibited significant genetic effects for yield-related heterosis, which were first identified. Three elite DH lines (D22, D46, D83) harboring these two dominant regions were selected as having strong heterosis in cabbage production. Candidate gene analysis revealed that some genes participating in biosynthetic processes of carbohydrates and some responses to auxin might affect cabbage yield heterosis. QTL identification and genetic dissection of yield-related traits provide new insights into the genetic effects of cabbage heterosis.

卷心菜具有显着的杂种优势，大多数商业品种都是杂交品种。为了探索甘蓝杂种优势的遗传基础并促进甘蓝杂种优势的利用，我们通过将 100 个 DH 品系与两个母本杂交 01-20 × 96-100 的甘蓝杂种构建了两个群体。杂种表现出不同程度的杂种优势，经济产量均值是亲本的2.6倍。我们分别鉴定了 66 和 73 个与 12 个产量相关性状的中亲杂种优势和海侵杂种优势相关的 QTL。部分QTL在两年实验中可检测到存在于两个不同测验者的群体中，表现出较高的表型贡献率（15.8%~20.0%）。杂种优势QTLs在几个甘蓝染色体区域呈簇分布。两个显性遗传区域，mk300-316 和 mk258-268 起源于优良亲本 01-20，对产量相关的杂种优势表现出显着的遗传效应，首次被鉴定。具有这两个优势区域的三个优良 DH 品系（D22、D46、D83）被选为在卷心菜生产中具有很强的杂种优势。候选基因分析表明，一些参与碳水化合物生物合成过程的基因和一些对生长素的反应可能影响白菜产量杂种优势。QTL 鉴定和产量相关性状的遗传解析为了解卷心菜杂种优势的遗传效应提供了新的见解。具有这两个优势区域的 D83) 被选为在白菜生产中具有很强的杂种优势。候选基因分析表明，一些参与碳水化合物生物合成过程的基因和一些对生长素的反应可能影响白菜产量杂种优势。QTL 鉴定和产量相关性状的遗传解析为了解卷心菜杂种优势的遗传效应提供了新的见解。具有这两个优势区域的 D83) 被选为在白菜生产中具有很强的杂种优势。候选基因分析表明，一些参与碳水化合物生物合成过程的基因和一些对生长素的反应可能影响白菜产量杂种优势。QTL 鉴定和产量相关性状的遗传解析为了解卷心菜杂种优势的遗传效应提供了新的见解。