Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy worldwide. One of the main challenges in the management of OC is the late clinical presentation of disease that results in poor survival. Conventional tissue biopsy methods and serological biomarkers such as CA-125 have limited clinical applications. Liquid biopsy is a novel sampling method that analyzes distinctive tumour components released into the peripheral circulation, including circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumour cells (CTCs), cell-free RNA (cfRNA), tumour-educated platelets (TEPs) and exosomes. Increasing evidence suggests that liquid biopsy could enhance the clinical management of OC by improving early diagnosis, predicting prognosis, detecting recurrence, and monitoring response to treatment. Capturing the unique tumour genetic landscape can also guide treatment decisions and the selection of appropriate targeted therapies. Key advantages of liquid biopsy include its non-invasive nature and feasibility, which allow for serial sampling and longitudinal monitoring of dynamic tumour changes over time. In this review, we outline the evidence for the clinical utility of each liquid biopsy component and review the advantages and current limitations of applying liquid biopsy in managing ovarian cancer. We also highlight future directions considering the current challenges and explore areas where more studies are warranted to elucidate its emerging clinical potential.

中文翻译：

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液体活检在卵巢癌中的潜在临床应用


卵巢癌（OC）是全世界最致命的妇科恶性肿瘤。 OC 治疗的主要挑战之一是疾病的晚期临床表现，导致生存率低。传统的组织活检方法和CA-125等血清学生物标志物的临床应用有限。液体活检是一种新颖的采样方法，可分析释放到外周循环中的独特肿瘤成分，包括循环肿瘤 DNA (ctDNA)、循环肿瘤细胞 (CTC)、无细胞 RNA (cfRNA)、肿瘤教育血小板 (TEP) 和外泌体。越来越多的证据表明，液体活检可以通过改善早期诊断、预测预后、检测复发和监测治疗反应来增强 OC 的临床管理。捕捉独特的肿瘤遗传景观还可以指导治疗决策和选择适当的靶向疗法。液体活检的主要优点包括其非侵入性和可行性，允许连续采样和纵向监测肿瘤随时间的动态变化。在这篇综述中，我们概述了每种液体活检成分的临床实用性证据，并回顾了应用液体活检治疗卵巢癌的优点和当前局限性。考虑到当前的挑战，我们还强调了未来的方向，并探索了需要更多研究来阐明其新兴临床潜力的领域。