A prerequisite to anti-racist socialization in families is acknowledging ethnic-racial (power) differences, also known as color-consciousness. In a sample of 138 White Dutch families from the urban Western region of the Netherlands with children aged 6–10 years (53% girls), observations and questionnaires on maternal color-consciousness and measures of children's attitudes toward Black and Middle-Eastern ethnic-racial outgroups were collected in 2018–2019. Variable-centered analyses showed that maternal color-conscious socialization practices were related to less negative child outgroup attitudes only. Person-centered analysis revealed a cluster of families with higher maternal color-consciousness and less prejudiced child attitudes, and a cluster with the opposite pattern. The mixed results emphasize the importance of multiple methods and approaches in advancing scholarship on anti-racism in the family context.

中文翻译：

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母亲的色彩意识与荷兰白人家庭儿童对种族外群体的积极态度和消极态度有关

家庭中反种族主义社会化的先决条件是承认种族-种族（权力）差异，也称为颜色意识。在来自荷兰西部城市地区的 138 个荷兰白人家庭的样本中，有 6-10 岁的孩子（53% 为女孩），对母亲的色彩意识和儿童对黑人和中东种族的态度的观察和问卷调查2018-2019 年收集了种族外群体。以变​​量为中心的分析表明，母亲有颜色意识的社会化实践仅与较少消极的儿童外群体态度有关。以人为中心的分析揭示了一组具有较高母亲色彩意识和较少偏见儿童态度的家庭，以及一组具有相反模式的家庭。