The digitalization of the agricultural sector through the implementation of cutting-edge technologies allows for the optimization of the use of water, whose scarcity has become one of the most relevant and complex environmental global problems. Water consumption data collected on site using different technologies is key to achieving optimal irrigation scheduling. Technology is also a useful tool that provides a real and transparent inventory of water use in irrigated crops. The water footprint obtained in accordance with ISO standard 14046 (using the Life Cycle Analysis methodology) and jointly with irrigation management information allows determining water use efficiency with great accuracy. This work presents a decision support system developed for precision irrigation management at farm scale called DSSPIM. The system provides a verifiable inventory of water use and an analysis/diagnosis of the adequacy of the irrigation performed using information and communication technologies (ICTs), as well as real-time knowledge of water inputs and outputs during crop development based on data received from water meters and soil moisture sensors installed in the field. Additionally, to achieve both purposes, a methodology is proposed to more accurately estimate rainwater use (green water) based on real measurements and the use of ICTs. The proposed methodology was applied during one season in two organic crops (greenhouse tomatoes and orange trees) located in southern Spain. The model allowed detecting inefficiencies in irrigation water use. A comparison between the actual management practices and the practices recommended by the DSSPIM underlines the importance of irrigation management in improving water use. In the case of orange trees, different irrigation system management scenarios were compared and showed that the application of controlled deficit irrigation strategies using DSSPIM can reduce irrigation water use by 20%.

通过实施尖端技术实现农业部门的数字化，可以优化水资源的利用，水资源的稀缺性已成为最相关和最复杂的全球环境问题之一。使用不同技术在现场收集的用水量数据是实现最佳灌溉计划的关键。技术也是一种有用的工具，可以提供真实透明的灌溉作物用水量清单。根据 ISO 标准 14046（使用生命周期分析方法）获得的水足迹与灌溉管理信息相结合，可以非常准确地确定用水效率。这项工作提出了一个为农场规模的精确灌溉管理开发的决策支持系统，称为 DSSPIM。该系统提供可验证的用水量清单，使用信息和通信技术 (ICT) 对灌溉的充分性进行分析/诊断，并根据来自安装在田间的水表和土壤湿度传感器。此外，为了实现这两个目的，提出了一种基于实际测量和 ICT 使用更准确地估计雨水使用（绿水）的方法。建议的方法在一个季节应用于西班牙南部的两种有机作物（温室番茄和橘子树）。该模型允许检测灌溉用水的低效率。实际管理实践与 DSSPIM 推荐的实践之间的比较强调了灌溉管理在改善用水方面的重要性。以橙树为例，对不同的灌溉系统管理方案进行了比较，结果表明，使用 DSSPIM 控制亏缺灌溉策略的应用可以减少 20% 的灌溉用水量。