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Age-differences in network models of self-regulation and executive control functions
Developmental Science ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-10 , DOI: 10.1111/desc.13276
Markus Neubeck 1 , Verena E Johann 1 , Julia Karbach 1 , Tanja Könen 1
Affiliation  

Self-regulation (SR) and executive control functions (EF) are broad theoretical concepts that subsume various cognitive abilities supporting the regulation of behavior, thoughts, and emotions. However, many of these concepts stem from different psychological disciplines relying on distinct methodologies, such as self-reports (common in SR research) and performance-based tasks (common in EF research). Despite the striking overlap between SR and EF on the theoretical level, recent evidence suggests that correlations between self-report measures and behavioral tasks can be difficult to observe. In our study, participants from a life-span sample (14–82 years) completed self-report measures and behavioral tasks, which were selected to include a variety of different facets of SR (e.g., sensation seeking, mindfulness, grit, or eating behavior) and EF (working memory, inhibition, shifting). Using this broad approach, we systematically investigated connections and overlap of different aspects of SR and EF to improve their conceptual understanding. By comparing network models of a youth, middle-aged, and older-aged group, we identified key variables that are well connected in the SR and EF construct space. In general, we found connections to be stronger within the clusters of SR and EF than between them. However, older adults demonstrated more connections between SR and EF than younger individuals, likely because of declining cognitive resources.

中文翻译:

自我调节和执行控制功能网络模型的年龄差异

自我调节 (SR) 和执行控制功能 (EF) 是广泛的理论概念,包含支持行为、思想和情绪调节的各种认知能力。然而,其中许多概念源于依赖于不同方法的不同心理学学科,例如自我报告(在 SR 研究中很常见)和基于绩效的任务(在 EF 研究中很常见)。尽管 SR 和 EF 在理论层面上存在惊人的重叠,但最近的证据表明,自我报告测量与行为任务之间的相关性可能难以观察。在我们的研究中,来自寿命样本(14-82 岁)的参与者完成了自我报告测量和行为任务,这些任务被选择为包括 SR 的各种不同方面(例如,感觉寻求、正念、毅力、或饮食行为)和 EF(工作记忆、抑制、转移)。使用这种广泛的方法,我们系统地研究了 SR 和 EF 不同方面的联系和重叠,以提高他们的概念理解。通过比较青年、中年和老年组的网络模型,我们确定了在 SR 和 EF 构造空间中连接良好的关键变量。一般来说,我们发现 SR 和 EF 集群内的联系比它们之间的联系更强。然而,老年人比年轻人表现出更多的 SR 和 EF 之间的联系,这可能是因为认知资源下降。通过比较青年、中年和老年组的网络模型,我们确定了在 SR 和 EF 构造空间中连接良好的关键变量。一般来说,我们发现 SR 和 EF 集群内的联系比它们之间的联系更强。然而,老年人比年轻人表现出更多的 SR 和 EF 之间的联系,这可能是因为认知资源下降。通过比较青年、中年和老年组的网络模型,我们确定了在 SR 和 EF 构造空间中连接良好的关键变量。一般来说,我们发现 SR 和 EF 集群内的联系比它们之间的联系更强。然而,老年人比年轻人表现出更多的 SR 和 EF 之间的联系,这可能是因为认知资源下降。
更新日期:2022-05-10
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