Compaction of subsoils is a steady increasing challenge as induced by the increase in weight as well as power of field machinery. We performed a field experiment with two different machinery systems used in slurry application. A tractor-trailer combination (TT) was compared to a tricycle-like self-propelled machine with traction on all three wheels (SP). The maximum wheel load was 88 and 114 kN for the TT and SP treatments, respectively. The wheels on the TT machinery were equipped with 710–800 mm wide tires inflated to 300 kPa, while the width and inflation pressure of the most heavily loaded tire on the SP machine were 1050 mm and 250 kPa. The machines were driven across the soil in three replicate plots in a randomized block experiment. Traffic took place at a soil water content close to field capacity. Immediately following the experimental traffic, cores of undisturbed soil were sampled at 30, 50 and 70 cm depths in a catena across the width of the wheel tracks. The cores were drained to − 100 hPa matric potential prior to measurement of air permeability. For both machinery systems, we measured significant differences in soil properties across and outside the width of the wheel tracks. The volume of pores > 30 µm, ε₁₀₀, and/or the air permeability, k_a, indicated a loosening of the soil at or closely outside the edge of the tire for both the SP and the TT treatment. The bulk density, ρ_b, was higher and ε₁₀₀ lower for TT than SP at 30 and 50 cm depth for soil under the tire, at the tire edge and also some decimetres from the tire edge. Accordingly, k_a was also lowest for TT, and the permeability normalized to a unit volume of ε₁₀₀ indicated that the effect on pore permeability was due to the increased ε₁₀₀ rather than to differences in tortuosity. The rooting depth of a spring barley crop was lower beneath and at the edge of the wheeled tracks than outside. This may reflect the effect of experimental traffic on soil properties although it cannot be excluded that the effect on the topsoil while establishing the barley crop has played a role as well. We consider that the results reflect the effects of repeated wheeling and/or consistent differences in traction and horizontal stresses. We encourage further studies of wheeling effects including the soil close to and outside the wheel tracks.

由于重量的增加以及田间机械的功率增加，底土的压实是一个不断增加的挑战。我们对泥浆应用中使用的两种不同机械系统进行了现场实验。将拖拉机-拖车组合 (TT) 与在所有三个车轮 (SP) 上均具有牵引力的类似三轮车的自行式机器进行了比较。TT 和 SP 处理的最大车轮载荷分别为 88 和 114 kN。TT 机器上的车轮配备了 710-800 毫米宽的轮胎，充气至 300 kPa，而 SP 机器上最重负载轮胎的宽度和充气压力分别为 1050 毫米和 250 kPa。在随机区组实验中，机器在三个重复的地块中穿过土壤。交通发生在土壤含水量接近田间容量的情况下。紧随实验交通后，在横跨轮轨宽度的链中，在 30、50 和 70 厘米深度处对未扰动土壤的核心进行了采样。在测量透气性之前，将岩心排干至 - 100 hPa 基质电位。对于这两种机械系统，我们测量了轮轨宽度内外土壤特性的显着差异。孔隙体积 > 30 µm, ε_图100和/或空气渗透率k _a表示对于SP和TT处理两者在轮胎边缘处或紧邻轮胎边缘外侧的土壤松动。在轮胎下方、轮胎边缘以及距轮胎边缘一些分米处，在 30 和 50 厘米深度的土壤中，TT的体积密度 ρ _b比 SP更高，ε _100更低。因此，对于 TT，k _a也是最低的，并且渗透率归一化为单位体积 ε ₁₀₀表明对孔隙渗透率的影响是由于增加的 ε ₁₀₀而不是曲折的差异。春季大麦作物的生根深度低于轮式轨道下方和边缘处的生根深度。这可能反映了实验交通对土壤特性的影响，尽管不能排除在建立大麦作物时对表土的影响也发挥了作用。我们认为结果反映了反复转动和/或牵引力和水平应力的一致差异的影响。我们鼓励进一步研究轮式效应，包括轮轨附近和外侧的土壤。