In this commentary, we suggest that infancy researchers should carefully consider validity when taking steps to improve reliability. Zooming in to focus on looking-time methods, we argue that limitations in validity represent perhaps an even more fundamental issue than reliability. At the same time, focusing single-mindedly on reliability comes with two possible pitfalls: maximizing reliability at the expense of construct validity, and overvaluing parental report measures compared to direct measures of infant behaviour. Finally, we articulate several promising avenues for improving validity in infant research: experimental and modelling efforts to characterize the functional relationship between measures such as looking time and infant cognition, using multiple measures to establish convergent validity, and improving our understanding of how measures vary across a broader set of stimulus characteristics.

中文翻译：

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有效点和外观：改进婴儿方法时，可靠性和有效性齐头并进

在这篇评论中，我们建议婴儿期研究人员在采取措施提高可靠性时应仔细考虑有效性。放大以专注于查看时间方法，我们认为有效性的限制可能代表了比可靠性更基本的问题。同时，一心一意地关注可靠性会带来两个可能的陷阱：以牺牲结构效度为代价来最大化可靠性，以及与婴儿行为的直接测量相比，高估父母的报告测量。最后，我们阐明了提高婴儿研究有效性的几个有希望的途径：实验和建模努力来描述诸如看时间和婴儿认知等测量之间的功能关系，使用多种测量来建立收敛效度，