The negative health effects of cigarette smoking during pregnancy (SDP) on the foetus are well known. Despite previous reports of poor cognitive performance in offspring exposed to SDP, few studies specifically consider language outcomes according to maternal smoking. In this study, we systematically review the literature to assess the relationships between SDP and child language. Of the 14 studies reviewed, 13 (93%) reported significant associations between maternal smoking or exposure and language outcomes. Despite this consistent association, only 8 of the 13 studies reporting associations (62%) concluded direct relationships between exposure and outcome. The remaining studies suggested that the relationship between smoking and language could be explained by factors such as maternal IQ, socioeconomic status (SES) and parental age. Future studies should apply careful study designs allowing for confounding factors across child, parental, environmental and genetic influences. Our review suggests that smoking cessation is likely to positively affect child language outcomes.

中文翻译：

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产前烟雾暴露对语言发育的影响——系统评价

怀孕期间吸烟 (SDP) 对胎儿的负面健康影响是众所周知的。尽管之前有报道称暴露于 SDP 的后代认知能力较差，但很少有研究专门考虑母体吸烟导致的语言结果。在这项研究中，我们系统地回顾了文献以评估 SDP 与儿童语言之间的关系。在审查的 14 项研究中，13 项（93%）报告了母亲吸烟或暴露与语言结果之间的显着关联。尽管存在这种一致的关联，但报告关联的 13 项研究中只有 8 项 (62%) 得出了暴露与结果之间的直接关系。其余研究表明，吸烟与语言之间的关系可以用母亲智商、社会经济地位（SES）和父母年龄等因素来解释。未来的研究应该应用仔细的研究设计，考虑到儿童、父母、环境和遗传影响的混杂因素。我们的审查表明，戒烟可能对儿童语言结果产生积极影响。