Gender differences in peer review and the associated impact on innovation financing are well documented but less well understood. We study peer review in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Small Business Innovation Research program, a public initiative seeking to increase women's access to innovation funds. We theorize that reviewers use status characteristics inappropriately as heuristics and create gender bias. Econometric analysis shows evidence of direct bias against female applicants, an effect linked to challenges for newcomers in demonstrating individual legitimacy rather than concerns about the organizational legitimacy of the associated firm. We also demonstrate a corrective redistribution to reverse this bias and create equity in the funding outcome. As these results negatively impact diversity in innovation, we propose policy recommendations to overcome this bias.

中文翻译：

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创新同行评审中的性别差异

同行评审中的性别差异以及对创新融资的相关影响有据可查，但人们对其了解较少。我们研究美国国家航空航天局小型企业创新研究计划中的同行评审，这是一项旨在增加女性获得创新资金的公共倡议。我们推测，审稿人不恰当地使用状态特征作为启发式方法并造成性别偏见。计量经济学分析显示了对女性申请人的直接偏见的证据，这种影响与新来者在证明个人合法性方面的挑战有关，而不是对关联公司的组织合法性的担忧。我们还展示了纠正性再分配以扭转这种偏见并在融资结果中创造公平。由于这些结果对创新的多样性产生负面影响，