Conservation and environmental policies are increasingly criticized for marginalizing peoples, entities and practices. Typically overlooked, yet critical in their potential for marginalization and exclusion, are the assumptions that underlie a policy's classifications, categorizations and descriptions of reality. These ontological assumptions come to define which interventions are appropriate, or even possible, and for whom. We seek to illuminate the importance of ontology to policy-making and implementation processes. We do so via an ontological analysis of selected elements of an international policy, the Convention on Biological Diversity, to show how language, logic, rights and responsibilities expressed and inferred within the policy could marginalize different entities and practices. The analysis demonstrates how a policy represents reality and thereby intervenes in the world, with consequences for alternative ontologies, peoples, and knowledges. To support ontological accountability, we offer a three-stage conceptual framework to: deconstruct the language used in describing reality; make sense of how language and logic entangle rights and responsibilities; and enable transformation by becoming accountable to diverse practices of reality. Enabling the coexistence and practice of multiple ontologies is not easy or simple, but it is fundamental for transforming to inclusive policy-making, implementation, and self-determination.

中文翻译：

---

通过本体问责制实现包容性

保护和环境政策越来越多地因边缘化人民、实体和做法而受到批评。通常被忽视但对边缘化和排斥的潜力至关重要的是作为政策分类、分类和现实描述基础的假设。这些本体论假设来定义哪些干预是合适的，甚至是可能的，以及对谁。我们试图阐明本体对政策制定和实施过程的重要性。我们通过对国际政策《生物多样性公约》的选定要素进行本体分析来做到这一点，以展示政策中表达和推断的语言、逻辑、权利和责任如何可能使不同的实体和实践边缘化。该分析展示了政策如何代表现实，从而干预世界，并对替代本体、人民和知识产生影响。为了支持本体论责任，我们提供了一个三阶段的概念框架：解构用于描述现实的语言；理解语言和逻辑如何纠缠权利和责任；并通过对现实的各种实践负责来实现转型。实现多种本体的共存和实践并非易事或简单，但它是向包容性政策制定、实施和自决转变的基础。解构描述现实的语言；理解语言和逻辑如何纠缠权利和责任；并通过对现实的各种实践负责来实现转型。实现多种本体的共存和实践并非易事或简单，但它是向包容性政策制定、实施和自决转变的基础。解构描述现实的语言；理解语言和逻辑如何纠缠权利和责任；并通过对现实的各种实践负责来实现转型。实现多种本体的共存和实践并非易事或简单，但它是向包容性政策制定、实施和自决转变的基础。