Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify money laundering typologies and techniques in Ethiopia.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a descriptive study that relies on primary data generated from interviewees drawn from the Ethiopian Financial Intelligence Center, Ethiopian Customs Commission, selected commercial banks and law enforcement agencies, as well as secondary data from government reports, media press, statutes and other online and offline sources.

Findings

According to this study, criminals in Ethiopia used several laundering techniques, the most common of which are money laundering using financial institutions, trade-based money laundering, cash-based money laundering, money laundering through illegal hawala, shell companies, or anonymous beneficiaries. Criminals have recently been suspected of using financial technologies and virtual currencies to launder the proceeds of their illicit activities. The laundering strategies are extremely intertwined and their distinction remains highly blurred. Moreover, the typologies are operated transnationally, despite being highly tailored to Ethiopia’s political economy.

Originality/value

This is one of the very few papers to date that provides the typologies and techniques of money laundering, specifically in the context of cash-intensive economies.

中文翻译：

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埃塞俄比亚的洗钱：类型和技术分析

目的

本研究的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚的洗钱类型和技术。

设计/方法/方法

这是一项描述性研究，依赖于来自埃塞俄比亚金融情报中心、埃塞俄比亚海关委员会、选定商业银行和执法机构的受访者的主要数据，以及来自政府报告、媒体、法规和其他在线和离线资源。

发现

根据这项研究，埃塞俄比亚的犯罪分子使用了多种洗钱技术，其中最常见的是利用金融机构洗钱、基于贸易的洗钱、基于现金的洗钱、通过非法哈瓦拉、空壳公司或匿名受益人洗钱。犯罪分子最近被怀疑使用金融技术和虚拟货币来清洗其非法活动的收益。洗钱策略相互交织，它们的区别仍然非常模糊。此外，这些类型学是跨国经营的，尽管高度适合埃塞俄比亚的政治经济。

原创性/价值

这是迄今为止为数不多的提供洗钱类型和技术的论文之一，特别是在现金密集型经济体的背景下。