In this paper, we bring together the literature on citizen science and on deliberative democracy and epistemic injustice. We argue that citizen science can be seen as one element of “deliberative systems,” as described by Mansbridge et al. But in order to fulfil its democratic potential, citizen science needs to be attentive to various forms of exclusion and epistemic injustice, as analyzed by Fricker, Medina and others. Moreover, to tap the potentials of citizen science from the perspective of deliberative democracy, it needs to move towards a more empowered approach, in which citizens do not only deliver data points, but also, in invited or uninvited settings, participate in discussions about the goals and implications of research. Integrating citizen science into the deliberative systems approach embeds it in a broader framework of democratic theory and suggests the transmission of certain practical strategies (e.g., randomized sampling). It can also contribute to realism about both the potentials and the limits of citizen science. As part of a deliberative system, citizen science cannot, and need not, be the only place in which reforms are necessary for creating stronger ties between science and society and for aligning science with democratic values.

在本文中，我们汇集了关于公民科学、协商民主和认知不公正的文献。我们认为，公民科学可以被视为“协商系统”的一个要素，正如 Mansbridge 等人所描述的那样。但为了发挥其民主潜力，公民科学需要关注各种形式的排斥和认知不公正，正如 Fricker、Medina 和其他人所分析的那样。此外，为了从协商民主的角度挖掘公民科学的潜力，它需要转向一种更有权力的方法，在这种方法中，公民不仅可以提供数据点，而且可以在受邀或未受邀的情况下参与讨论研究的目标和意义。将公民科学整合到协商系统方法中，将其嵌入到更广泛的民主理论框架中，并建议传播某些实用策略（例如，随机抽样）。它还可以促进关于公民科学的潜力和局限性的现实主义。作为协商系统的一部分，公民科学不能也不必是唯一需要进行改革以在科学与社会之间建立更紧密联系以及使科学与民主价值观保持一致的地方。