This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the enforcement of fines and pecuniary obligations imposed by the ECB within the Eurosystem and the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) under Art. 299 TFEU – an issue which has, to date, been treated only rudimentarily in literature/judicature. The focus in Part I lies on five categories of monetary obligations that the ECB may levy. Against the background of these case groups, the European law requirements that exist for enforcement will be shown. Part II will show how these requirements are fulfilled in euro and non-euro Member States (MSs). The latter will be based on a comparative analysis of the respective data collected in 2020 via a questionnaire survey in 21 MSs. The relevance of the findings are, however, not limited to the ECB. Legal acts of the Council and the EC However, not the EP, see ECJ, 6 July 2017, Gollnisch v Parliament, C-189/17 P(R), ECLI:EU:C:2017:528, para 46; Matthias Ruffert, in: Christian Callies/Matthias Ruffert (eds.), EUV/AEUV, Das Verfassungsrecht der Europäischen Union mit Europäischer Grundrechtecharta, 5th edn., 2016, art. 299 mn. 1; differing Maria Geismann, in: Hans von der Groeben/Jürgen Schwarze/Armin Hatje (eds.), Europäisches Unionsrecht, 7th edn., 2015, art. 299 mn. 2; Martin Gellermann, in: Rudolf Streinz (ed.), EUV/AEUV, Vertrag über die Europäische Union, Vertrag über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union, Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union, 3rd edn. 2018, art. 299 mn. 4. , as well as judgments of the CJEU (Art. 280 TFEU), are enforced under the same regime; Art. 82 of the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court (UPCA) Council Agreement on a Unified Patent Court [2013] OJ C175/1, not yet in force; see also Treaty Establishing the European Atomic Energy Community [2012] OJ C327/1, art. 164 which is almost identical to TFEU, art. 299. is modelled on Art. 299 TFEU.

中文翻译：

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欧洲央行强制执行的罚款和其他金钱义务（第一部分）：欧洲层面

本研究全面分析了欧洲央行在欧元体系内的罚款和金钱义务的执行情况，以及根据 Art. 299 TFEU——迄今为止，这个问题在文学/司法中仅得到初步处理。第一部分的重点在于欧洲央行可能征收的五类货币义务。在这些案例组的背景下，将展示现有的欧洲执法要求。第二部分将展示这些要求如何在欧元和非欧元成员国 (MS) 中得到满足。后者将基于对 2020 年通过 21 个成员国的问卷调查收集的相应数据的比较分析。然而，调查结果的相关性不仅限于欧洲央行。理事会和欧共体的法律行为然而，不是 EP，见欧洲法院，2017 年 7 月 6 日，Gollnisch 诉 议会, C-189/17 P(R), ECLI:EU:C:2017:528, 第 46 段；马蒂亚斯·鲁弗特, in: Christian Callies/Matthias Ruffert (eds.),极紫外/AEUV, Das Verfassungsrecht der Europäischen Union mit Europäischer Grundrechtecharta, 5thedn.，2016 年，艺术。2.99 亿 1个；不同的玛丽亚盖斯曼, in: Hans von der Groeben/Jürgen Schwarze/Armin Hatje (eds.),欧洲联盟法, 7thedn.，2015，艺术。2.99 亿 2；马丁·盖勒曼，在：鲁道夫·施特林茨（编辑），极紫外/AEUV, Vertrag über die Europäische Union, Vertrag über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union, Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union, 3rd编辑 2018，艺术。2.99 亿 4.以及欧洲法院的判决（TFEU 第 280 条）在同一制度下执行；艺术。统一专利法院协议（UPCA）第 82 条关于统一专利法院的理事会协议 [2013] OJ C175/1，尚未生效；另见建立欧洲原子能共同体条约 [2012] OJ C327/1，艺术。164 几乎与 TFEU 相同，艺术。299.以艺术为蓝本。299 TFEU。