The development of highly efficient separation membranes utilizing emerging materials with controllable pore size and minimized thickness could greatly enhance the broad applications of membrane-based technologies. Having this perspective, many studies on the incorporation of nanosheets in membrane fabrication have been conducted, and strong interest in this area has grown over the past decade. This article reviews the development of nanosheet membranes focusing on two-dimensional materials as a continuous phase, due to their promising properties, such as atomic or nanoscale thickness and large lateral dimensions, to achieve improved performance compared to their discontinuous counterparts. Material characteristics and strategies to process nanosheet materials into separation membranes are reviewed, followed by discussions on the membrane performances in diverse applications. The review concludes with a discussion of remaining challenges and future outlook for nanosheet membrane technologies.

中文翻译：

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纳米片膜发展的进展与挑战

利用具有可控孔径和最小厚度的新兴材料开发高效分离膜可以极大地增强膜技术的广泛应用。有这样的观点，已经进行了许多关于将纳米片掺入膜制造的研究，并且在过去十年中对该领域的浓厚兴趣已经增长。本文回顾了将二维材料作为连续相的纳米片膜的发展，由于其具有前景的特性，例如原子或纳米级厚度和较大的横向尺寸，与不连续的对应物相比，它们可以实现更好的性能。回顾了将纳米片材料加工成分离膜的材料特性和策略，随后讨论了膜在不同应用中的性能。该评论最后讨论了纳米片膜技术的剩余挑战和未来前景。