Water pollution has become a major issue in many countries, including Malaysia. Malaysia is one of the countries that suffers from this detrimental influence on water resource sustainability. Adsorption has been discovered to be a cost-effective and efficient method of removing contaminants such as pigments, dyes, and metal impurities. Many biomass-based adsorbent materials have been successfully used for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions. In this study, the potential use of coconut dregs as the new biosorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) (basic dye) and Brilliant Red Remazol (BRR) (acidic dye) was investigated. The effects of adsorption time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial dye concentration on coconut dregs adsorption for MB and BRR dye were investigated using 2-Level Factorial Design of Design-Expert 7.1.5. The results indicated that the amount of dye adsorbed on the coconut dregs increased with increasing dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, and adsorption time. However, both MB and BRR dyes favor different pH for the adsorption process. The adsorption capacity of MB dye increased with increasing pH, while the adsorption capacity of BRR dye increased with decreasing pH. Removal of MB was optimum at pH 11, contact time of 240 min, a dosage of 0.25 g adsorbent, and an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. Meanwhile, for BRR dye, the optimum condition was pH 2, contact time of 180 min, the dosage of 0.25 g adsorbent, and an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. The equilibrium data for both dyes fitted very well with the Langmuir Isotherm equation giving a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity as high as 5.7208 mg/g and 3.7636 mg/g for Methylene Blue Dye and Brilliant Red Remazol dye, respectively. This study shows that coconut dregs can be one of the potential and low-cost biosorbents for the treatment of industrial dyes soon.

中文翻译：

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椰渣对亚甲基蓝 (MB) 和亮红雷马唑 (BRR) 的生物吸附研究

水污染已成为包括马来西亚在内的许多国家的主要问题。马来西亚是遭受这种对水资源可持续性不利影响的国家之一。已发现吸附是一种经济有效的去除污染物（如颜料、染料和金属杂质）的方法。许多基于生物质的吸附材料已成功用于从水溶液中去除染料。在这项研究中，研究了椰子渣作为新型生物吸附剂去除亚甲基蓝 (MB)（碱性染料）和亮红雷马唑 (BRR)（酸性染料）的潜在用途。使用 Design-Expert 7.1.5 的 2 水平因子设计研究了吸附时间、吸附剂用量、pH 和初始染料浓度对椰渣吸附 MB 和 BRR 染料的影响。结果表明，随着染料浓度、吸附剂用量和吸附时间的增加，椰渣对染料的吸附量增加。然而，MB 和 BRR 染料都有利于吸附过程的不同 pH 值。MB染料的吸附量随着pH的增加而增加，而BRR染料的吸附量随着pH的降低而增加。在 pH 值为 11、接触时间为 240 分钟、吸附剂用量为 0.25 g、初始染料浓度为 50 mg/L 时，MB 的去除效果最佳。同时，对于BRR染料，最佳条件为pH 2、接触时间180 min、吸附剂用量0.25 g、染料初始浓度50 mg/L。两种染料的平衡数据与 Langmuir 等温方程非常吻合，最大单层吸附容量高达 5.7208 mg/g 和 3。亚甲基蓝染料和亮红雷马唑染料分别为 7636 mg/g。这项研究表明，椰子渣很快就会成为处理工业染料的潜在且低成本的生物吸附剂之一。