The possibility of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) with Hermetia illucens (HI) defatted larvae meal in broiler nutrition has frequently been suggested. For sustainability reasons, however, the larvae fat produced during defatting should also be used and could be particularly beneficial regarding gut health due to its fatty acid composition. To evaluate the suitability of HI larvae as protein and fat source, a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two types of protein, i.e. SBM (S) or SBM and 15% of its crude protein replaced by HI larvae meal (L), and three levels of fat sources, namely 0 (0 L), 50% (50 L) or 100% HI larvae fat (100 L) at the expense of soybean oil was applied. In the starter phase, an interaction showed higher body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) if 50% or 100% HI larvae fat was fed with HI larvae meal. Moreover, BW, ADG and FCR improved when feeding HI larvae meal as protein source. Additionally, we observed an increased average daily feed intake in the grower, finisher, and overall phase in the L groups and an improved FCR in 0 L compared to 50 L groups during the overall period. Regarding apparent ileal digestibility, HI larvae meal feeding increased dry matter, organic matter, and fat digestibility. Feeding HI larvae meal as protein source decreased the concentrations of agmatine, spermidine, spermine and ammonia in the caecal digesta, whereas fat source affected agmatine with higher concentrations in 50 L compared to 0 L in the colonic digesta. In contrast, caecal ethanolamine concentrations increased in HI larvae meal groups compared to SBM. Caecal butyric acid concentrations decreased with HI larvae meal feeding. An interaction was found for the jejunal villus area, being higher in L + 100 L compared to S + 100 L. Furthermore, L groups had greater villus width. A partial replacement of SBM with HI larvae meal and soybean oil with HI larvae fat in broiler diets without impairing animal performance or gut health seems possible. Feeding HI larvae meal affected broiler performance positively in the starter phase and improved apparent ileal digestibility.

中文翻译：

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Hermetia illucens 幼虫粉和脂肪在肉鸡日粮中的适用性：对动物生产性能、回肠表观消化率、肠道组织学和微生物代谢物的影响

经常有人提出在肉鸡营养中用 Hermetia illucens (HI) 脱脂幼虫粉部分替代豆粕 (SBM) 的可能性。然而，出于可持续性的原因，还应使用脱脂过程中产生的幼虫脂肪，并且由于其脂肪酸组成，可能对肠道健康特别有益。为了评估 HI 幼虫作为蛋白质和脂肪源的适用性，采用 2 × 3 因子排列，两种蛋白质，即 SBM (S) 或 SBM，其 15% 的粗蛋白被 HI 幼虫粉 (L) 取代，以及三种应用了脂肪源水平，即 0 (0 L)、50% (50 L) 或 100% HI 幼虫脂肪 (100 L)，代价是大豆油。在起始阶段，相互作用显示更高的体重（BW），如果用 HI 幼虫粉喂养 50% 或 100% HI 幼虫脂肪，则平均日增重 (ADG) 和饲料转化率 (FCR) 有所提高。此外，喂食HI幼虫粉作为蛋白质来源时，BW、ADG和FCR有所提高。此外，我们观察到 L 组的生长、育肥和整个阶段的平均每日采食量增加，并且在整个期间与 50 L 组相比，0 L 组的 FCR 有所提高。关于表观回肠消化率，HI 幼虫粉饲喂增加了干物质、有机物质和脂肪消化率。喂食 HI 幼虫粉作为蛋白质源降低了盲肠食糜中胍丁胺、亚精胺、精胺和氨的浓度，而与结肠食糜中的 0 L 相比，脂肪源对 50 L 中胍丁胺的影响更高。相比之下，与 SBM 相比，HI 幼虫餐组的盲肠乙醇胺浓度增加。喂食 HI 幼虫饲料时盲肠丁酸浓度降低。发现空肠绒毛区域存在相互作用，与 S + 100 L 相比，L + 100 L 更高。此外，L 组的绒毛宽度更大。在不损害动物生产性能或肠道健康的情况下，在肉鸡日粮中用 HI 幼虫粉和用 HI 幼虫脂肪替代豆油部分替代 SBM 似乎是可能的。喂食 HI 幼虫粉在起始阶段对肉鸡的生产性能有积极影响，并提高了回肠表观消化率。在不损害动物生产性能或肠道健康的情况下，在肉鸡日粮中用 HI 幼虫粉和用 HI 幼虫脂肪替代豆油部分替代 SBM 似乎是可能的。饲喂 HI 幼虫粉在起始阶段对肉鸡的生产性能有积极影响，并提高了回肠表观消化率。在不损害动物生产性能或肠道健康的情况下，在肉鸡日粮中用 HI 幼虫粉和用 HI 幼虫脂肪替代豆油部分替代 SBM 似乎是可能的。喂食 HI 幼虫粉在起始阶段对肉鸡的生产性能有积极影响，并提高了回肠表观消化率。