Laser cladding of CoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings onto 45 steel was successfully performed using a 3-kW fiber laser. The effect of process parameters (laser power, scanning speed and powder feeding rate) on responses (aspect ratio, dilution rate and microhardness) was systematically investigated based on response surface methodology (RSM). Process optimization was carried out to acquire the desired coating with a maximum aspect ratio and microhardness and a dilution rate of 10~20%. A laser power of 773.65 W, scanning speed of 5 mm/s and powder feeding rate of 15 g/min were found to be the optimum parameters. The aspect ratio, dilution rate and microhardness of the optimized CoCrCuFeNi coating were determined to be 5.07, 14.29% and 186.8 HV, respectively. Validation experiments under optimum conditions reveal that the predicted values agree well with the actual values within a relative error of 10%. Finally, the microstructure and the microhardness distribution were characterized. The XRD results, together with the mixing entropy value, confirm that the optimized CoCrCuFeNi coating belongs to HEAs.

使用 3 kW 光纤激光器成功地将 CoCrCuFeNi 高熵合金 (HEA) 涂层激光熔覆到 45 钢上。基于响应面法（RSM）系统研究了工艺参数（激光功率、扫描速度和送粉速度）对响应（纵横比、稀释率和显微硬度）的影响。进行工艺优化以获得具有最大纵横比和显微硬度以及稀释率为10~20%的所需涂层。发现激光功率为 773.65 W、扫描速度为 5 mm/s 和送粉速度为 15 g/min 是最佳参数。优化后的CoCrCuFeNi涂层的纵横比、稀释率和显微硬度分别确定为5.07、14.29%和186.8 HV。最佳条件下的验证实验表明，预测值与实际值吻合良好，相对误差在 10% 以内。最后，对显微组织和显微硬度分布进行了表征。XRD 结果与混合熵值一起证实了优化的 CoCrCuFeNi 涂层属于 HEA。