Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common type of hemorrhagic stroke, most often occurring between the ages of 45 and 60. Arterial hypertension (AH) is most often the cause of ICH, followed by atherosclerosis, blood diseases, inflammatory changes in cerebral vessels, intoxication and vitamin deficiencies. Cerebral hemorrhage can occur by diapedesis or as a result of a ruptured vessel. AH is difficult to treat, requires surgery and can lead to disability or death. One of the important directions in the study of the pathogenesis of ICH is mitochondrial dysfunction and its regulation. The key role of mitochondrial dysfunction in AH and atherosclerosis, as well as in the development of brain damage after hemorrhage, has been acknowledged. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs (about 18-22 nucleotides) that regulate a variety of biological processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, etc., primarily through gene repression. There is growing evidence to support dysregulated miRNAs in various cardiovascular diseases, including ICH. Further, the realization of miRNAs within mitochondrial compartment has challenged the traditional knowledge of signaling pathways involved in the regulatory network of cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of miRNAs in mitochondrial dysfunction for ICH is still under-appreciated, with comparatively much lesser studies and investigations reported, than those in other cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the up-to-date findings on the published role miRNAs in mitochondrial function for ICH, and the potential use of miRNAs in clinical settings, such as potential therapeutic targets and non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic biomarker tools.

中文翻译：

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线粒体靶向 miRNA 在脑出血中的作用

非创伤性脑出血 (ICH) 是最常见的出血性中风类型，最常发生在 45 岁至 60 岁之间。动脉高血压 (AH) 是 ICH 的最常见原因，其次是动脉粥样硬化、血液疾病、炎症变化脑血管、中毒和维生素缺乏。脑出血可能因血细胞渗出或血管破裂而发生。AH 很难治疗，需要手术，并可能导致残疾或死亡。ICH发病机制研究的重要方向之一是线粒体功能障碍及其调控。线粒体功能障碍在 AH 和动脉粥样硬化以及出血后脑损伤发展中的关键作用已得到公认。MicroRNA（miRNA）是一类非编码RNA（约18-22个核苷酸），主要通过基因抑制来调节细胞分化、增殖、凋亡等多种生物过程。越来越多的证据支持失调的 miRNA 与各种心血管疾病（包括脑出血）有关。此外，线粒体内 miRNA 的实现挑战了心血管疾病调控网络中信号通路的传统知识。然而，与其他心血管疾病相比，miRNA 在脑出血线粒体功能障碍中的作用仍然未被充分认识，报道的研究和调查相对较少。在这篇综述中，我们总结了已发表的 miRNA 在 ICH 线粒体功能中的作用的最新发现，以及 miRNA 在临床环境中的潜在用途，例如潜在的治疗靶点和非侵入性诊断/预后生物标志物工具。