In order to control the large deformation of tunnel surrounding rock, a new energy-absorbing bolt is developed. This bolt can be transformed into a rigid support when the deformation of the surrounding rock reaches the length of the sleeve tube, thus preventing the surrounding rock from continuing to deform. Moreover, this bolt has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture and assemble. Then the static tensile test is conducted on the bolt specimen to test its working performance. The test results show that when the cone angle of the cone block is small, the load–displacement curve of the bolt contains three stages; when the cone angle is large, the load–displacement curve contains only two stages. Meanwhile, both the average constant resistance and the maximum absorbed energy increase linearly with the increase of cone angle. On this basis, ignoring the influence of shear stress, and it is supposed that the thickness of the sleeve tube is constant, then the theoretical calculation formula of constant resistance for the new bolt is derived, and the rationality of the formula is verified using the static tensile test results. It is found that the error of the calculated result is less than 15% when the cone angle does not exceed 15°. At last, the numerical simulation method is used to analyze the performance of the new bolt. The simulation results indicate that the generation of shear stress and the change of tube thickness during the movement of the cone block are two important factors that cause theoretical errors.

为控制隧道围岩大变形，研制了一种新型吸能锚杆。当围岩变形达到套管长度时，该锚杆可转变成刚性支架，从而防止围岩继续变形。此外，该螺栓结构简单，易于制造和组装。然后对螺栓试样进行静态拉伸试验，测试其工作性能。试验结果表明，当锥块锥角较小时，螺栓的载荷-位移曲线包含三个阶段；当锥角较大时，载荷-位移曲线仅包含两个阶段。同时，平均恒定电阻和最大吸收能量都随着锥角的增加而线性增加。以这个为基础，忽略剪应力的影响，假设套管厚度不变，推导出新螺栓恒阻理论计算公式，并利用静力拉伸试验结果验证公式的合理性. 发现当锥角不超过15°时，计算结果的误差小于15%。最后采用数值模拟方法对新型螺栓的性能进行了分析。仿真结果表明，锥块运动过程中剪应力的产生和管壁厚度的变化是造成理论误差的两个重要因素。进而推导了新型螺栓恒阻理论计算公式，并利用静态拉伸试验结果验证了该公式的合理性。发现当锥角不超过15°时，计算结果的误差小于15%。最后采用数值模拟方法对新型螺栓的性能进行了分析。仿真结果表明，锥块运动过程中剪应力的产生和管壁厚度的变化是造成理论误差的两个重要因素。进而推导了新型螺栓恒阻理论计算公式，并利用静态拉伸试验结果验证了该公式的合理性。发现当锥角不超过15°时，计算结果的误差小于15%。最后采用数值模拟方法对新型螺栓的性能进行了分析。仿真结果表明，锥块运动过程中剪应力的产生和管壁厚度的变化是造成理论误差的两个重要因素。采用数值模拟方法对新型螺栓的性能进行分析。仿真结果表明，锥块运动过程中剪应力的产生和管壁厚度的变化是造成理论误差的两个重要因素。采用数值模拟方法对新型螺栓的性能进行分析。仿真结果表明，锥块运动过程中剪应力的产生和管壁厚度的变化是造成理论误差的两个重要因素。