Firefighters are repeatedly exposed to work-related potential traumatic events and have an increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the mechanisms implicated in this relationship are not clear. The aim of this study was to analyse the risk and protective factors related to the development of PTSD in firefighters. According to PRISMA, a systematic review of scientific literature was conducted in Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) was used as the methodological quality indicator of the selected articles (PROSPERO reference CRD42020213009). Prognostic studies involving active firefighters with presence of post-traumatic symptomatology, presenting original findings, and written in Spanish or English were included. A total of 1768 potentially eligible articles were identified. According to the inclusion criteria, 87 articles were selected to evaluate the full text. Finally, 19 articles were included, comprising 12,298 active firefighters. There is high heterogeneity in the variables evaluated in the different studies. Taking the data for which this review has found more evidence (moderate support), operational stress, job duration, burnout, expressive suppression and rumination could be risk factors of PTSD, and belongingness and dispositional mindfulness could be protective factors. Other variables with weak support (e.g. resilience) were analysed. This review analyses the available literature, highlighting its scarcity for future research on the subject. Due to repeated trauma exposure, it is important to continue investigations and bear these variables in mind for the prevention of PTSD in firefighters.

中文翻译：

---

与消防员创伤后应激障碍相关的心理变量：系统评价。

消防员反复接触与工作相关的潜在创伤事件，患创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的风险增加。然而，这种关系所涉及的机制尚不清楚。本研究的目的是分析与消防员发生 PTSD 相关的风险和保护因素。据 PRISMA 称，Web of Science、PsycINFO、Scopus、PubMed 和 Cochrane 对照试验中央注册库对科学文献进行了系统回顾。预后研究质量 (QUIPS) 用作所选文章的方法学质量指标（PROSPERO 参考 CRD42020213009）。其中包括涉及具有创伤后症状的现役消防员的预后研究，这些研究提出了原始发现，并以西班牙语或英语撰写。总共确定了 1768 篇可能符合条件的文章。根据纳入标准，选取87篇文章对全文进行评估。最终纳入 19 篇文章，涉及 12,298 名现役消防员。不同研究中评估的变量存在高度异质性。根据本次综述发现的更多证据（中等支持）的数据，操作压力、工作持续时间、倦怠、表达抑制和沉思可能是 PTSD 的危险因素，归属感和性格正念可能是保护因素。分析了其他支持较弱的变量（例如弹性）。这篇综述分析了现有文献，强调了该主题未来研究的稀缺性。由于反复遭受创伤，继续调查并牢记这些变量对于预防消防员的 PTSD 非常重要。