A total of 80 sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) across three farrowing groups were used in a study to evaluate the effect of feeding live yeast and yeast extracts to lactating sows on sow and litter performance and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of sow fecal E. coli. Sows were blocked by farrowing group, BW, and parity on d 110 of gestation and allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments consisted of a standard lactation diet with or without yeast-based pre- and probiotics (0.10% Actisaf Sc 47 HR+ and 0.025% SafMannan; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI). Diets were fed from d 110 of gestation until weaning (approximately d 19 post-farrow). A tendency (P = 0.073) was observed for increased feed intake through lactation when sows were fed a diet with yeast additives compared to the control diet. There was no evidence (P > 0.10) that treatment influenced any other sow or litter performance measurements. Fecal samples were collected upon entry into the farrowing house and at weaning from the first farrowing group (27 sows) to determine the resistance patterns of E. coli. E. coli was isolated from fecal samples and species confirmed by PCR detection of uidA and clpB genes. Microbroth dilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of E. coli isolates to 14 antimicrobials. Isolates were categorized as either susceptible, intermediate, or resistant based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. An interaction (P = 0.026) of diet × sampling day was observed for cefoxitin where fecal E. coli showed no evidence of treatment differences (P = 0.237) in MIC values at entry, but sows fed the control diet had lower (P = 0.035) MIC values at weaning compared to sows fed yeast additives. There were no diet main effects (P > 0.10) on the resistance of fecal E. coli. There was an increased (P < 0.02) towards resistance for 11 of the 14 antimicrobials over time. Fecal E. coli were resistant to tetracycline and ceftriaxone at weaning. Fecal E. coli were susceptible or intermediate in all sampling days to the remaining antimicrobials. In conclusion, feeding live yeast and yeast extracts tended to increase feed intake during lactation but did not influence either sow or litter performance measurements or the resistance of fecal E. coli during lactation except for cefoxitin, which had a higher MIC at the end of lactation when yeast additives were present in the diet.

中文翻译：

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母猪泌乳日粮中酵母基益生菌和益生菌对母猪产仔性能和粪便大肠杆菌耐药性的影响

一项研究使用了三个分娩组的总共 80 头母猪（品系 241；DNA，哥伦布，内布拉斯加州），以评估饲喂活酵母和酵母提取物对哺乳母猪对母猪和窝产仔性能以及抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 模式的影响母猪粪便大肠杆菌。母猪在妊娠第 110 天按分娩组、BW 和胎次分组，并分配到 2 种日粮处理中的 1 种。饮食治疗包括标准哺乳期饮食，含或不含酵母菌和益生菌（0.10% Actisaf Sc 47 HR+ 和 0.025% SafMannan；Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI）。从妊娠第 110 天到断奶（大约产后第 19 天）饲喂日粮。与对照日粮相比，当母猪饲喂含有酵母添加剂的日粮时，观察到哺乳期采食量增加的趋势 (P = 0.073)。没有证据（P＆GT; 0.10) 该处理影响了任何其他母猪或窝产性能测量。在进入分娩舍和从第一个分娩组（27 头母猪）断奶时收集粪便样本以确定大肠杆菌的耐药模式。大肠杆菌是从粪便样本中分离出来的，物种通过 PCR 检测 uidA 和 clpB 基因得到确认。微肉汤稀释法用于确定大肠杆菌分离株对 14 种抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)。根据临床和实验室标准协会指南，分离株被归类为易感、中间或耐药。对于头孢西丁，观察到日粮×采样日的交互作用 (P = 0.026)，其中粪便大肠杆菌在进入时的 MIC 值中没有显示处理差异的证据 (P = 0.237)，但饲喂对照日粮的母猪的 MIC 值较低 (P = 0 . 035) 与饲喂酵母添加剂的母猪相比，断奶时的 MIC 值。饮食对粪便大肠杆菌的抗性没有主要影响 (P > 0.10)。随着时间的推移，14 种抗微生物药物中的 11 种的耐药性增加 (P < 0.02)。断奶时粪便大肠杆菌对四环素和头孢曲松具有耐药性。在所有采样日，粪便大肠杆菌对剩余的抗菌剂敏感或处于中间水平。总之，饲喂活酵母和酵母提取物往往会增加泌乳期的采食量，但不会影响母猪或产仔性能测量值或泌乳期粪便大肠杆菌的抗性，头孢西丁除外，头孢西丁在泌乳末期具有更高的 MIC当饮食中存在酵母添加剂时。饮食对粪便大肠杆菌的抗性没有主要影响 (P > 0.10)。随着时间的推移，14 种抗微生物药物中的 11 种的耐药性增加 (P < 0.02)。断奶时粪便大肠杆菌对四环素和头孢曲松具有耐药性。在所有采样日，粪便大肠杆菌对剩余的抗菌剂敏感或处于中间水平。总之，饲喂活酵母和酵母提取物往往会增加泌乳期的采食量，但不会影响母猪或产仔性能测量值或泌乳期粪便大肠杆菌的抗性，头孢西丁除外，头孢西丁在泌乳末期具有更高的 MIC当饮食中存在酵母添加剂时。饮食对粪便大肠杆菌的抗性没有主要影响 (P > 0.10)。随着时间的推移，14 种抗微生物药物中的 11 种的耐药性增加 (P < 0.02)。断奶时粪便大肠杆菌对四环素和头孢曲松具有耐药性。在所有采样日，粪便大肠杆菌对剩余的抗菌剂敏感或处于中间水平。总之，饲喂活酵母和酵母提取物往往会增加泌乳期的采食量，但不会影响母猪或产仔性能测量值或泌乳期粪便大肠杆菌的抗性，头孢西丁除外，头孢西丁在泌乳末期具有更高的 MIC当饮食中存在酵母添加剂时。断奶时粪便大肠杆菌对四环素和头孢曲松具有耐药性。在所有采样日，粪便大肠杆菌对剩余的抗菌剂敏感或处于中间水平。总之，饲喂活酵母和酵母提取物往往会增加泌乳期的采食量，但不会影响母猪或产仔性能测量值或泌乳期粪便大肠杆菌的抗性，头孢西丁除外，头孢西丁在泌乳末期具有更高的 MIC当饮食中存在酵母添加剂时。断奶时粪便大肠杆菌对四环素和头孢曲松具有耐药性。在所有采样日，粪便大肠杆菌对剩余的抗菌剂敏感或处于中间水平。总之，饲喂活酵母和酵母提取物往往会增加泌乳期的采食量，但不会影响母猪或产仔性能测量值或泌乳期粪便大肠杆菌的抗性，头孢西丁除外，头孢西丁在泌乳末期具有更高的 MIC当饮食中存在酵母添加剂时。