The effect of long-term administration of two Bacillus strains was tested on 98 breeding sows and their litters allotted into three treatments: a control group (CON); supplemented with 5x10 8 cfu/kg B. subtilis – 541 (BSU); or with 5x10 8 cfu/kg B. amyloliquefaciens – 516 (BAM). Reproductive and performance variables were recorded over three cycles with 56 dams remaining through the third lactation. Blood and fecal samples were taken longitudinally from 12 sows per treatment on days 8 and 21 of the third lactation and milk samples were taken on day 21. Feces from one piglet per litter was sampled on days 21 and 33 and jejunal gene expression was assessed in two piglets on day 21. Changes in fecal microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) and gene expression by Open-Array technology. Metabolomic responses were analyzed in milk by NMR and Ig-G and Ig-A specific antibodies were determined by ELISA. No significant differences were observed on feed intake, body weight, or fat mobilization of the sows. However, a significant increase in the total number of piglets born was observed in supplemented sows. Whereas the increase was seen from the first cycle with BAM, improvements were not seen with BSU until the third cycle. BAM also increased the number of born-alive and weaned piglets. NMR analysis showed an impact of BAM on milk composition. No differences were found in milk or blood immunoglobulins. A different structure of the fecal microbiota was found in supplemented sows, with changes across phylum, family, and genus. These changes were greater at day 8, suggesting a relevant role of probiotics establishing a new intestinal balance after labor. Shifts in the microbiota were also seen in the piglets, with a clearer impact post-weaning than in suckling. In this regard, correlations between microbial groups of sows and piglets showed a higher link with weaned (d33) than with suckling pigs (d21) reinforcing the idea of an early maternal carry-over. No changes due to treatment in jejunal gene expression were detected, however, piglet size had a clear impact on different genes. In summary, the addition of both probiotics, and particularly Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, demonstrated potential benefits on the prolificacy of sows. Daily feeding of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens resulted in an increase in the number of weaned piglets. The high correlations between the compositions of the microbiota of sows and their piglets is evidence of maternal imprinting, with effects lasting beyond weaning.

中文翻译：

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两种芽孢杆菌益生菌菌株对种猪及其仔猪生产性能和粪便微生物群的潜在影响

对 98 头种母猪进行了长期施用两种芽孢杆菌菌株的效果测试，它们的窝被分配到三个处理组：对照组（CON）；补充 5x10 8 cfu/kg B. subtilis – 541 (BSU)；或 5x10 8 cfu/kg B. amyloliquefaciens – 516 (BAM)。在三个周期内记录了生殖和性能变量，其中 56 只母兔在第三个泌乳期剩余。在第三次泌乳的第 8 天和第 21 天，每次处理从 12 头母猪纵向采集血液和粪便样本，并在第 21 天采集牛奶样本。在第 21 天和第 33 天对每窝一头仔猪的粪便进行采样，并评估空肠基因表达第 21 天有两只小猪。通过 16S rRNA 基因测序 (Illumina MiSeq) 评估粪便微生物群的变化，并通过 Open-Array 技术评估基因表达。通过 NMR 分析牛奶中的代谢组学反应，并通过 ELISA 确定 Ig-G 和 Ig-A 特异性抗体。在母猪的采食量、体重或脂肪动员方面没有观察到显着差异。然而，在补充母猪中观察到出生仔猪总数显着增加。虽然从 BAM 的第一个周期看到了增加，但直到第三个周期才看到 BSU 的改进。BAM 还增加了出生和断奶仔猪的数量。NMR 分析显示 BAM 对牛奶成分的影响。在牛奶或血液免疫球蛋白中没有发现差异。在补充的母猪中发现了不同的粪便微生物群结构，在门、科和属之间发生了变化。这些变化在第 8 天更大，提示益生菌在分娩后建立新的肠道平衡的相关作用。在仔猪中也观察到了微生物群的变化，断奶后的影响比哺乳时更明显。在这方面，母猪​​和仔猪的微生物群之间的相关性与断奶仔猪 (d33) 的相关性高于与乳猪 (d21) 的相关性，这强化了母体早期遗留的想法。没有检测到由于治疗导致空肠基因表达的变化，但是，仔猪大小对不同基因有明显的影响。总之，添加两种益生菌，特别是解淀粉芽孢杆菌，证明了对母猪繁殖力的潜在好处。每日饲喂解淀粉芽孢杆菌导致断奶仔猪数量增加。