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Consciousness matters: phenomenal experience has functional value
Neuroscience of Consciousness Pub Date : 2022-04-25 , DOI: 10.1093/nc/niac007
Axel Cleeremans 1 , Catherine Tallon-Baudry 2
Affiliation  

‘Why would we do anything at all if the doing was not doing something to us?’ In other words: What is consciousness good for? Here, reversing classical views, according to many of which subjective experience is a mere epiphenomenon that affords no functional advantage, we propose that subject-level experience—‘What it feels like’—is endowed with intrinsic value, and it is precisely the value agents associate with their experiences that explains why they do certain things and avoid others. Because experiences have value and guide behaviour, consciousness has a function. Under this hypothesis of ‘phenomenal worthiness’, we argue that it is only in virtue of the fact that conscious agents ‘experience’ things and ‘care’ about those experiences that they are ‘motivated’ to act in certain ways and that they ‘prefer’ some states of affairs vs. others. Overviewing how the concept of value has been approached in decision-making, emotion research and consciousness research, we argue that phenomenal consciousness has intrinsic value and conclude that if this is indeed the case, then it must have a function. Phenomenal experience might act as a mental currency of sorts, which not only endows conscious mental states with intrinsic value but also makes it possible for conscious agents to compare vastly different experiences in a common subject-centred space—a feature that readily explains the fact that consciousness is ‘unified’. The phenomenal worthiness hypothesis, in turn, makes the ‘hard problem’ of consciousness more tractable, since it can then be reduced to a problem about function.

中文翻译:

意识很重要:非凡的体验具有功能价值

“如果所做的事情没有对我们做任何事情,我们为什么还要做任何事情呢?” 换句话说:意识有什么用?在这里,我们颠倒经典观点,根据许多观点,主观体验只是一种附带现象,没有任何功能优势,我们提出主体层面的体验——“感觉如何”——被赋予了内在价值,而这正是价值所在。代理人与他们的经历相关联,这解释了他们为什么做某些事情并避免其他事情。因为经验具有价值并指导行为,所以意识具有功能。在这种“现象价值”的假设下,我们认为只有有意识的主体“体验”事物并“关心”这些体验,他们才会“有动力”以某种方式行动,并且他们“更喜欢” ' 一些事态与其他事态。概述价值概念在决策、情感研究和意识研究中是如何被处理的,我们认为现象意识具有内在价值,并得出结论,如果确实如此,那么它一定具有功能。现象体验可能充当某种心理货币,它不仅赋予有意识的心理状态以内在价值,而且使有意识的主体能够在一个以主题为中心的共同空间中比较截然不同的体验——这一特征很容易解释这样一个事实:意识是“统一的”。反过来,现象价值假设使意识的“难题”更容易处理,因为它可以被简化为一个关于功能的问题。情感研究和意识研究,我们认为现象意识具有内在价值,并得出结论,如果确实如此,那么它必须具有功能。现象体验可能充当某种心理货币,它不仅赋予有意识的心理状态以内在价值,而且使有意识的主体能够在一个以主题为中心的共同空间中比较截然不同的体验——这一特征很容易解释这样一个事实:意识是“统一的”。反过来,现象价值假设使意识的“难题”更容易处理,因为它可以被简化为一个关于功能的问题。情感研究和意识研究,我们认为现象意识具有内在价值,并得出结论,如果确实如此,那么它必须具有功能。现象体验可能充当某种心理货币,它不仅赋予有意识的心理状态以内在价值,而且使有意识的主体能够在一个以主题为中心的共同空间中比较截然不同的体验——这一特征很容易解释这样一个事实:意识是“统一的”。反过来,现象价值假设使意识的“难题”更容易处理,因为它可以被简化为一个关于功能的问题。现象体验可能充当某种心理货币,它不仅赋予有意识的心理状态以内在价值,而且使有意识的主体能够在一个以主题为中心的共同空间中比较截然不同的体验——这一特征很容易解释这样一个事实:意识是“统一的”。反过来,现象价值假设使意识的“难题”更容易处理,因为它可以被简化为一个关于功能的问题。现象体验可能充当某种心理货币,它不仅赋予有意识的心理状态以内在价值,而且使有意识的主体能够在一个以主题为中心的共同空间中比较截然不同的体验——这一特征很容易解释这样一个事实:意识是“统一的”。反过来,现象价值假设使意识的“难题”更容易处理,因为它可以被简化为一个关于功能的问题。
更新日期:2022-04-25
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