Today renewable energy has become an absolute necessity taking into account the price of fossil energies and the pollution resulting from her large exploitation. Solar radiation can be converted directly into electrical energy, in the form of direct current, by means of a solar cell. Finding the maximum power point is an essential part in photovoltaic systems. Indeed, the output power varies greatly depending on illumination, temperature, but also the overall aging of the system. In order to operate a PV generator as often as possible at its optimum power, we must introduce a controller and a static converter which will act as an adapter between the source and the load. Many works review the different maximum power methods to adjust the optimal output power and improve the efficiency of the PV system. These methods are broadly classified into several categories. In this paper, such an experimental regulator based on a power mathematical technique is proposed, which is founded on least squares method to estimate the maximum power when operating sub-optimally. This technique makes it possible to compare experimental data, generally tainted with measurement errors, with a mathematical model supposed to write these data. This study gives the opportunity to experimentally test a mathematical method with a PV system which mainly uses a BOOST chopper. The DC / DC converter and the regulator are designed and produced within the research unit while using an STM32F4 microcontroller over sun. The results obtained from the use of this optimization technique clearly show the very high fidelity between the real values of the current and voltage and their optimal estimated values with a certain uncertainty which does not exceed almost 2%, which shows a good agreement. In the same way, this approach makes it possible to minimize the oscillations around the MPP, which already makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the system which is very close to 100% in experimental tests.

今天，考虑到化石能源的价格和大规模开采造成的污染，可再生能源已成为绝对必要的。太阳辐射可以通过太阳能电池以直流电的形式直接转化为电能。寻找最大功率点是光伏系统的重要组成部分。实际上，输出功率会因光照、温度以及系统的整体老化而有很大差异。为了尽可能频繁地以最佳功率运行光伏发电机，我们必须引入一个控制器和一个静态转换器，该转换器将充当电源和负载之间的适配器。许多作品回顾了不同的最大功率方法，以调整最佳输出功率并提高光伏系统的效率。这些方法大致分为几类。本文提出了一种基于功率数学技术的实验调节器，该技术基于最小二乘法来估计次优运行时的最大功率。这种技术可以将通常带有测量误差的实验数据与应该写入这些数据的数学模型进行比较。这项研究提供了一个机会，可以通过主要使用 BOOST 斩波器的光伏系统对数学方法进行实验测试。DC/DC 转换器和稳压器是在研究单元内设计和生产的，同时使用 STM32F4 微控制器 over sun。使用这种优化技术获得的结果清楚地表明，电流和电压的实际值与其最佳估计值之间的保真度非常高，具有一定的不确定性，几乎不超过 2%，这表明了良好的一致性。同样，这种方法可以最大限度地减少 MPP 周围的振荡，这已经可以提高系统的效率，在实验测试中非常接近 100%。