The Muslim population is rapidly growing worldwide. Five experiments show that Republicans and Democrats respond to this demographic change with divergent reactions in three domains: perception of threats, celebratory reactions, and emotional responses. In terms of threat perceptions, Republicans tend to perceive Muslim population growth as a threat to Christians and the U.S. society in terms of American culture, legal norms, and peace. Furthermore, Republicans are less likely to have celebratory reactions to Muslim population growth (a theoretically novel reaction). They experience less hope and pride, along with more anxiety and anger. The divergent responses from partisans are partially explained by their ideological orientation and media exposure, but they are not explained by any racial mechanisms or the partisans’ religious identity. Together, these studies reveal that political leaning can be an antecedent to reactions to the demographic change in many complex ways beyond the dominant group’s concern for their status.

穆斯林人口在全球范围内迅速增长。五项实验表明，共和党人和民主党人对这一人口变化的反应在三个领域有不同的反应：对威胁的感知、庆祝反应和情绪反应。在威胁感知方面，共和党人倾向于将穆斯林人口增长视为对基督徒和美国社会在美国文化、法律规范和和平方面的威胁。此外，共和党人不太可能对穆斯林人口增长做出庆祝反应（理论上的新反应）。他们经历的希望和自豪感减少，而焦虑和愤怒更多。游击队的不同反应部分是由他们的意识形态取向和媒体曝光来解释的，但不是由任何种族机制或游击队的宗教身份来解释的。