Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defence peptides, are evolutionarily ancient defensive weapons that can combat infections caused by pathogens. Fish-derived AMPs have shown microbicidal properties, host immunomodulatory responses, and are induced by a variety of factors, especially pathogenic infection and abiotic stress, which may activate downstream signalling pathways to initiate the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes. Large-scale genome sequencing has been applied in many aquatic animals, providing databases for the systematic identification of putative AMPs in these species. Recently, the whole genome and the proteome of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were released; by taking advantage of the antimicrobial peptide database and combining the proteome of catfish, we established a bioinformatic analysis pipeline to identify catfish AMP repertoire. This review introduces an effective method for the identification and development of putative AMPs based on protein datasets, and summarizes the structural properties, immunomodulation and molecular responses in vivo of catfish AMPs. In addition, the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of synthetic or isolated AMPs in vitro, and the applications of AMPs in fish via genetic engineering and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated proteins system (CRISPR/Cas9) were presented, which supports antimicrobial research and aquaculture therapy. The summary and comparison of these AMPs will enhance our understanding and their cross-species applications. Combined with current genetic engineering and genome editing techniques, it is possible to promote the development of immune processes to protect valuable aquatic animals from infectious diseases.

中文翻译：

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鲶鱼抗菌肽的全基因组鉴定：增强鱼类抗病性的新视角

抗菌肽 (AMP)，也称为宿主防御肽，是进化上古老的防御武器，可以对抗病原体引起的感染。鱼类来源的 AMPs 表现出杀菌特性、宿主免疫调节反应，并受到多种因素的诱导，特别是病原体感染和非生物胁迫，这可能激活下游信号通路以启动抗菌肽基因的表达。大规模基因组测序已应用于许多水生动物，为系统鉴定这些物种中推定的 AMP 提供了数据库。最近，鲶鱼（Ictalurus punctatus ）的全基因组和蛋白质组)被释放；通过利用抗菌肽数据库并结合鲶鱼的蛋白质组，我们建立了一个生物信息学分析流程来识别鲶鱼的AMP库。本综述介绍了一种基于蛋白质数据集鉴定和开发推定 AMP 的有效方法，并总结了鲶鱼 AMP的结构特性、免疫调节和体内分子反应。此外，合成或分离的 AMPs的体外抗菌活性评估, 并介绍了 AMP 通过基因工程和聚集的规则间隔短回文重复相关蛋白系统 (CRISPR/Cas9) 在鱼类中的应用，支持抗菌研究和水产养殖治疗。这些AMP的总结和比较将增强我们的理解和它们的跨物种应用。结合当前的基因工程和基因组编辑技术，有可能促进免疫过程的发展，以保护有价值的水生动物免受传染病的侵害。